論文

男性13名,女性25名の非糖尿病肥満者を対象に,運動耐容能と糖負荷試験での血糖,インスリン,体組成,体脂肪分布との関連について検討し,レジスチン血中濃度を測定した。運動耐容能の指標としての負荷試験中の運動継続時間体組成と相関したが,インスリン抵抗性との相関は明らかではなく,レジスチン血中濃度とも相関しなかった。レジスチン血中濃度はインスリン抵抗性の指標,体組成とも相関がなかった。

食事療法による内臓脂肪,皮下脂肪の変化に関する代表的な近年の研究結果について,以下の項目別に紹介した。食事療法による内臓脂肪の変化に関する文献のまとめを表示した。1)Rossらの研究(2000),2)Rossらの研究(1996),3)Janssenの研究(2002),4)Nicklasらの研究(2003),5)Goodpasterの研究(1999),6)まとめ-減量法の如何にかかわらず,減量時の内臓脂肪量の減少率は,体重,総脂肪量,皮下脂肪量の減少率より大きかった,内臓脂肪を特異的に減少させる好ましい介入方法についてははっきりしなかった。

スポーツ医学における検体検査として生化学検査のうち血清浸透圧の検査について,以下の項目別に解説した。1)検査目的,2)検査方法,3)検査装置・器具,4)注意点,5)検査値の評価・応用-各社の基準値を表示した,また血清浸透圧が異常値をきたし鑑別が必要な疾患または病態を表にまとめた,6)運動との関連,7)異常値がみられたら。

Physical activity improves health, and current recommendations encourage daily exercise. However, little is known about any health benefits associated with infrequent bouts of exercise (e.g., 1-2 episodes/week) that generate the recommended energy expenditure. The authors conducted a prospective cohort study among 8,421 men (mean age, 66 years) in the Harvard Alumni Health Study, without major chronic diseases, who provided details about physical activity on mailed questionnaires in 1988 and 1993. Men were classified as "sedentary" (expending <500 kcal/week), "insufficiently active" (500-999 kcal/week), "weekend warriors" (>/=1,000 kcal/week from sports/recreation 1-2 times/week), or "regularly active" (all others expending >/=1,000 kcal/week). Between 1988 and 1997, 1,234 men died. The multivariate relative risks for mortality among the sedentary, insufficiently active, weekend warriors, and regularly active men were 1.00 (referent), 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62, 0.91), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.11), and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.73), respectively. In stratified analysis, among men without major risk factors, weekend warriors had a lower risk of dying, compared with sedentary men (relative risk = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.81). This was not seen among men with at least one major risk factor (corresponding relative risk = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.38). These results suggest that regular physical activity generating 1,000 kcal/week or more should be recommended for lowering mortality rates. However, among those with no major risk factors, even 1-2 episodes/week generating 1,000 kcal/week or more can postpone mortality.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that tea intake, a major dietary source of flavonoids, may be associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: We prospectively followed 17 228 subjects (mean age, 59.5 years) initially free of CVD and cancer from the College Alumni Health Study. Participants provided baseline self-reports of tea consumption (cups/day) and coronary risk factors. During a median follow-up of 15 years, there were 3372, 2615, and 757 cases of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke, respectively, ascertained from either self-reports or death certificates. RESULTS: Overall, the median level of tea consumption was 1 cup/day. Compared with participants consuming no tea, the multivariate relative risks (RR) of CVD for those drinking <1, 1, 2, 3, and >/=4 cups/day were 0.99, 0.96, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.95, respectively (P, trend = 0.19). The multivariate RR were 0.97, 0.98, 0.93, 0.85, and 0.98 for CHD (P, trend = 0.25), and 1.05, 0.89, 1.00, 1.09, and 0.83 for stroke (P, trend = 0.53). There was no evidence of effect modification. Changes in tea intake were assessed in a subgroup of 7730 men, with those continuing to drink tea having a non-significant 33% reduction in the risk of stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Tea intake, likely consumed as black tea, was not strongly associated with a reduced risk of CVD in this population of US college alumni.