論文

The aim of this paper is to clarify the relationship between the indoor thermal environment and care prevention. A field study comprising actual measurements, questionnaire surveys, and data collection from face sheets was conducted in 2014. Participants were classified into two groups based on frequency of feeling cold in their rooms. Age at certification of needing long-term care was compared between the groups by using survival analysis. The result was significant when the classification condition was frequency of feeling cold in their dressing rooms. The age at which half of the group acquired their certification was 76 years in the high-frequency group and 80 years in the low-frequency group.

© 2020 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This study attempts a comprehensive environmental impact assessment, within the context of annual operations by type of business in each division of Japanese municipality, based on the LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assessment) method. LIME2 (Life-Cycle Impact Assessment Method Based on Endpoint Modeling 2) is an example of an endpoint-type LCIA method developed in Japan. Annual environmental impacts of municipalities nationwide are assessed by LIME2 from the perspective of environmental damage, indexed to the Japanese yen. Here, this index is referred to as the "Eco-index Yen". The availability of necessary inventory data in each category is surveyed from statistical information published by governments. From the assessment results based on these conditions, the annual damage amount of all Japanese municipalities taken together is 4.63 trillion yen. The assessment result of each municipality is converted into indicators per capita and per GRP (Gross Regional Product). These results are displayed on a map of Japan to visualize regional characteristics nationwide by type of business, across different types of industries, including the residential and transportation sectors. As described in this study, these results provide a first step toward constructing a new methodology for comprehensive environmental impact assessment of administrative units.

This paper describes the results of a literature survey and comparative analysis of unit energy consumption data in the commercial sector. First, we collected 59 documents, including survey reports by administrative agencies, research papers by individual researchers, estimates based on existing surveys, and energy supply statistics. Then, we compared the data and clarified the consistency and variation. To determine the factors causing the variation, we used a dataset on completed buildings, compiled by the Japan Building Mechanical and Electrical Engineers Association.

We conducted a survey on economic impact of CASBEE score and intellectual productivity. We found some effective correlation between CASBEE scores and rents. For example, rents of CASBEE building have possibility to be 3.6% higher rents compared to those of non-CASBEE buildings. We also observed correlation between intellectual productivity score and rents. We will disseminate such findings to market players in Japan in order to promote green properties.

Using material flowcharts on wood and carbon, the study was made as follows: 1) With flowcharts developed on building-related woody waste and forest, wood residues, the current status was analyzed. 2) Through field survey, regional supply-demand imbalance was revealed as a major obstacle to of wood residue utilization 3) Subsequently, carbon flow analyses resulted in different carbon evaluations depending on whether fixed carbon was considered or not. but either case showed utilization of wood residues has substantial effects on fixed-carbon increase. 4) The study concludes that utilization of wood residues can help bring about a lower carbon society.

This study aimed to demonstrate antihypertensive effects by moving to high thermal insulation performance houses. Field surveys on home blood pressure and indoor temperature were conducted before and after moving in winter 2014 and 2015. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 1.5 mmHg per 1 °C increase in indoor air temperature and standard deviation (SD) of SBP improved by 2.3 mmHg per 1 °C improvement in SD of indoor air temperature in a group over 125 mmHg. However, to raise indoor temperature, it is not satisfied only by moving to high thermal insulation performance houses but adequately heating a room.

1. This study has carried out a cost benefits analysis for each stakeholder in an attempt to develop low-carbon communities and cities by implementing regional cogeneration systems and leasing photovoltaic systems to commercial buildings. 2. As a result, the economic benefits for energy service provider acting as an investor have been proved when non-energy benefits (NEBs) are accounted. In addition, numerous benefits to stakeholders other than investor have been proved. Also, subsidies by public sector (National, Local Government) will increase the economic efficiency for energy service provider (investor). 3. Since building owners and building users will gain NEBs such as of increase in real estate value, risk reduction (contribution of business and living continuity plan (BLCP), regulatory compliance etc) and maintenance cost reduction, possibility for redistribution of NEBs to the energy service provider (investor) in the form of service charge (rent, energy expense etc) have also been considered.

Wood is well-recognized as a renewable resource that can contribute to the reduction of environmental load and it has long been used as a material in the building sector. The LCA database for buildings (established by the Architectural Institute of Japan) has been developed and utilized to evaluate the reduction of environmental load through the use of wood materials. However, this method does not evaluate the environmental load incurred through the production and transportation of imported wood materials, although wood materials are imported into Japan in large volumes. Therefore, this study aims to develop a database which includes the environmental load of imported wood materials from several countries and regions.

There are so many chemical substances around us today. On the other hand, new houses are significantly air tight by standards of energy saving policy and it is very difficult to exchange between indoor air and fresh outdoor air. As a result, indoor air quality becomes worse, and health concerns have been an increasing social problem. The studies for these problems have been developed in the several fields, such as Building Environmental Engineering, Medical Science and in other areas so on. However, to solve this problem fundamentally, the comprehensive and quantitative assessments from the generation of chemical substances to onset of symptoms are needed. In this study, the health damages by indoor air pollutants are evaluated comprehensively following the environmental assessment tool, LIME (Life-cycle Impact assessment Method based on Endpoint modeling) developed by Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Theoretically it is very difficult to evaluate sick-building syndromes, because these symptoms are extremely variable from person to person, and there has been no research in the world in these areas. Therefore, the data offered by a special hospital for sick-building syndromes are used with medical specialists in this study. A new assessment tools for indoor air pollutants is developed for the first time.

These years residential energy consumption has been increasing sharply in China along with the high economic growth. Thus people pay much more attention to the issues of reducing the energy consumption and CO 2 emission. This study chose Shanghai, a big city of China as a subject, and developed a Macro-model to forecast the CO 2 emission of residential buildings up to 2050. By combining such Global warming count measures into the Macro-model it was able to forecast the CO 2 emission of Shanghai's residential buildings in several energy-efficient scenarios.

目的：成人を対象に，冬季の暖房使用と住宅内の座位行動および身体活動の関連を検討すること。 方法：本研究は横断研究である。調査は沖縄県を除く46都道府県の工務店等を通して募集した断熱改修工事予定のある住宅に居住する20歳以上の成人を対象に2014年から2017年度までの冬季(11月～4月)に実施し，3,874名から同意を得た。加速度計は連続14日間の装着を依頼した。行動日誌から覚醒在宅時間帯を特定し，住宅内の座位行動と身体活動を評価した。コタツおよび脱衣所暖房使用の有無と住宅内の座位行動，身体活動との関連は目的変数を対数変換した上で，日レベル(室温，オフセット項として覚醒在宅時加速度計装着時間等)，個人レベル(年齢，BMI等)，世帯レベル(世帯年収，同居人数等)で調整した線形混合モデル(ランダム切片モデル)を男女別に実施した。非標準化偏回帰係数は指数変換し，目的変数への関連の程度を算出した。 結果：有効データは3,482名であった。多変量解析の結果，コタツを使用しない場合は住宅内の座位行動時間が約2%短く[男性：exp(B)=0.98，p=0.022，女性：exp(B)=0.98，p=0.020]，その中断回数は約10%多く[男性: exp(B)=1.10，p=0.001，女性：exp(B)=1.11，p<0.001]，身体活動も5～7%多かった[男性：exp(B)=1.07，p=0.005，女性：exp(B)=1.05，p=0.012] 。脱衣所を暖房する場合も同様の関連が確認された。 結論：コタツを使用しない人，脱衣所を暖房する人は，住宅内の座位行動時間が短く，かつ頻繁に中断し，身体活動量も多かった。局所暖房を使用せず，非居室でも暖房を行い家を暖かく保つことは，住宅内の座位行動を抑制し身体活動を促進する可能性がある。

ワーカーにとってオフィスは多くの時間を過ごす場所である。そのため、オフィス環境やそこでの働き方は知的生産性だけなく、健康面へ影響を与える可能性を有している。しかし、現段階では具体的なオフィス環境改善策の方向性は示されているものの、オフィス環境の質を定量的に評価するツールはなく、ワーカーや企業のオーナーに対して現状の問題を視覚的に示し、改善を促す評価ツールの開発が必要不可欠である。そこで、本研究ではワーカーが知的生産性向上及び健康増進の視点から執務環境を主観的に評価するツールである CASBEE-オフィス健康チェックリストを開発した。また、本ツールで評価したワーカーの周辺環境の評価結果と実際の主観作業効率や健康状態を照合することにより、CASBEE-OHC のオフィスの健康影響を提示する執務環境評価ツールとしての有効性を検証した。

ワーカーにとってオフィスは多くの時間を過ごす場所である。そのため、オフィス環境やそこでの働き方は知的生産性だけなく、健康面へ影響を与える可能性を有している。しかし、現段階では具体的なオフィス環境改善策の方向性は示されているものの、オフィス環境の質を定量的に評価するツールはなく、ワーカーや企業のオーナーに対して現状の問題を視覚的に示し、改善を促す評価ツールの開発が必要不可欠である。そこで、本研究ではワーカーが知的生産性向上及び健康増進の視点から執務環境を主観的に評価するツールである CASBEE-オフィス健康チェックリストを開発した。また、本ツールで評価したワーカーの周辺環境の評価結果と実際の主観作業効率や健康状態を照合することにより、CASBEE-OHC のオフィスの健康影響を提示する執務環境評価ツールとしての有効性を検証した。

In Japan, healthcare and nursing care expenses for the elderly are increasing year by year, and extending healthy life expectancy is therefore desirable. Social capital (SC) is a measure of the degree of social interaction and has been gaining attention as a health-related Previous studies have shown that few people have poor subjective health in areas with good SC scores. Thus, a living environment that fosters SC might facilitate the improvement and maintenance of health status. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of living environment, such as facilities and community outreach efforts, on nursing care risk as mediated by SC. A questionnaire survey was carried out for 3 weeks from September to October 2018.Participants were adults in three elementary school districts in Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan Survey contents included SC, neighborhood environment, residential environment, and health status. A total of 7,220 questionnaires were distributed, and 2,693 were correctly completed (valid response rate = 37.3%). The number of samples used for analysis was 2,053. Of respondents over 65 years of age, 26.8% were at high risk of needing long-term care. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to verify the impact of SC on risk of needing long-term care. Logistic regression analysis was performed using participant attributes such as sex and household composition as moderator effects. The aim was to clarify the effects of living environment such as facilities and community outreach on the risk of needing long-term care via SC. The analysis model considered factors including age, sex, educational attainment, and length of residence in the area. The odds ratio (OR) of requiring long-term care for low SC compared with high SC was 1.91 (p <0.01). Next, I examined the relationship between SC and the living environment based on the "Facilities" and "Activity participation," or "Communication" items of living environment. The OR of SC for neighborhood environment factors ranged from 1.3 to 2.4 (p <0.05), and the OR of SC for housing environment factors ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 (p <0.05). Finally, path analysis was performed. An index for the housing and neighborhood environments was determined as the total score of the items that showed the relationships between SC and the housing and neighborhood environments, as analyzed previously. The determination coefficient for the risk of needing long-term care was 0.19. In summary, the facilities of the living environment affected SC directly or via the community items and finally affected the risk of needing long-term care. A study limitation is that the results were based solely on data that covered one target area. In the future, we plan to conduct questionnaire surveys in other regions using statistical data and to analyze responses considering regional characteristics.

In Japan, where the population is aging, it is necessary to maintain mental and physical health over the long term in order to solve social problems such as increasing medical expenses. It has been suggested that exposure to cold adversely affects brain health. Thus, we hypothesized that the brain health of residents in cold houses would be worse than that of residents in warm houses. In the winter season from 2016 to 2017, we measured indoor temperature, conducted brain health tests using MRI examination, and administered questionnaire surveys for 59 residents of a town in northern Japan. The results of multiple regression analysis show that residents who had a cold living room had lower indexes representing the quality of cranial nerve fibers than residents who had a warm living room in winter.

執務者が長い時間を過ごす執務環境が心身の健康に影響を及ぼす可能性が既往研究により報告されているが、執務者の生活に大きく関わっている住環境や、メンテナンス・企業経営等の管理方法を考慮した包括的な検証は不十分である。そこで、執務環境と住環境が心身の健康と知的生産性に与える影響の包括的な検証を目的とした実態調査を実施した。結果として、良質な執務環境と住環境が心身の健康改善と知的生産性向上に寄与する可能性が示された。

© 2019 IEEE. In this paper, we used Brain Healthcare Quotient (BHQ) to analyze the influence of lung function on brain function. A large-scale survey was conducted for the purpose. In the measurement survey, magnetic resonance images were acquired, and BHQ was calculated and used as brain function. As lung function, we measured forced vital capacity (FVC) and calculated forced expiratory volume 1.0 sec (FEV1.0%). As a result of analysis, it became clear that the decrease in FEV1.0% affects GM BHQ and that the decrease in lung function also affects brain function by using BHQ.