論文

© 2018 International Institute of Anticancer Research.All right reserved. Background/Aim: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in resistance to chemotherapy. CD44 is a cell surface marker of CSCs. CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9) interacts with a cystine-glutamate antiporter (xCT) and is an unfavorable predictive factor in gastric cancer. We investigated the impact of CD44v9 expression on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance and the efficacy of the xCT inhibitor, sulfasalazine (SASP), in improving drug resistance. Materials and Methods: The human gastric cancer cell line MKN28 was transfected with pRc/CMV plasmids encoding human CD44 or CD44v9, which were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results: CD44v9 expression results in 5-FU resistance by increasing intracellular glutathione and suppressing the drug-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). SASP improved the drug sensitivity of CD44v9-expressing cells. Conclusion: Inhibition of xCT improved the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy against gastric cancer. CD44v9 expression can be a novel biomarker to predict resistance against 5-FU in gastric cancer.

© 2019 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd Objective: To identify risk factors of imaging progression (increase in cyst size or main pancreatic duct size, or a new mural nodule) in low-risk branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BD-IPMN), including obesity-related factors such as pancreatic fat content. Methods: Our hospital databases were searched for patients who had completed health checkup, including upper abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over 48 months (August 2012 to July 2016). Individuals with BD-IPMN without worrisome features and high-risk stigmata who underwent surveillance with at least one follow-up MRI, irrespective of the follow-up period, were included. Pancreatic computed tomography attenuation indexes were defined as the difference between the pancreas and spleen attenuation (P - S) and the pancreas to spleen attenuation ratio (P/S). Results: Among 75 patients diagnosed as having low-risk BD-IPMN, during a median follow-up of 36 months, 11 (15%) had imaging progression in cyst size, including two with worrisome features. A multivariate logistic analysis showed that the initial cyst size and both indexes (P - S, or P/S) were significantly associated with imaging progression in IPMN, respectively (Model 1: odds ratio [OR] 1.188, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.060-1.331, P = 0.003; OR 0.871, 95% CI 0.776-0.977, P = 0.019; Model 2: OR 1.186, 95% CI 1.064-1.322, P = 0.002; OR 0.002, 95% CI 0.000-0.970, P = 0.049). Conclusions: Pancreatic fat content and initial cyst size were significantly associated with imaging progression in low-risk BD-IPMN. Revisions of international consensus Fukuoka guidelines might be customized based on initial cyst size and pancreatic fat content.

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Background Post-progression survival (PPS) could be a confounding element in interpreting data from clinical trials of second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) previously treated with gemcitabine (GEM) because a recent meta-analysis of oxaliplatin combination therapy showed statistical heterogeneity for overall survival (OS) but not for progression-free survival (PFS). This study aimed to improve the understanding of the impact of PPS on OS in this setting. Methods Databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the salvage setting. We evaluated relationships between OS and PFS, PPS, and other variables. Results Totally, 17 RCTs with 3253 patients were identified. Median OS was strongly and moderately associated with median PPS and PFS, respectively (r = 0.913; p < 0.001 and 0.780; p < 0.001, respectively). The proportion of patients with good performance status was significantly associated with both PPS and PFS (r = 0.574, p < 0.001 and 0.492, p < 0.001, respectively). The induction rate of subsequent chemotherapy was related to the duration of PPS and OS (r = 0.640, p < 0.001 and 0.647, p < 0.001, respectively). Median PPS and OS were significantly longer in recent trials than those in older trials (3.55 versus 2.78 months, p < 0.001 and 6.29 versus 5.02 months, p < 0.001). Conclusions Median PPS was strongly correlated with median OS. Given the recently increased opportunity for subsequent chemotherapy and supportive care, PPS may serve as an important element to clarify problems in this setting.

© 2018 Purpose: The objective of this qualitative study was to understand the perceived needs of advanced-stage cancer patients with chemotherapy-related hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and/or targeted therapy-related hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR). Method: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 20 outpatients with advanced/recurrent cancer and chemotherapy-related HFS and/or targeted therapy-related HFSR using a semi-structured interview guide at Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: The unmet needs of cancer patients with chemotherapy-related HFS and/or targeted therapy-related HFSR was identified through four themes: a sense of helplessness with persistent symptoms, noticeable appearance as a barrier to social participation, decreased willingness to work and continue treatment, and need of individual coping strategies. Conclusion: This study revealed unmet needs of cancer patients with chemotherapy-related HFS and/or targeted therapy-related HFSR that are not often voiced. Health care providers should provide full information in advance and find the best coping strategy for individual patients.

BACKGROUND: Ramucirumab (RAM) with weekly paclitaxel (wPTX) is a standard second-line therapy for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX), an albumin-bound form of PTX, was developed to improve the therapeutic index of taxane treatment. However, the ABSOLUTE trial showed the non-inferiority of weekly nab-PTX (w-nab-PTX) to wPTX with respect to overall survival (OS) as second-line therapy for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer, and subgroup analysis of patients with peritoneal dissemination showed favourable OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in the w-nab-PTX arm compared to those in the wPTX arm. This study evaluated whether w-nab-PTX plus RAM is more effective than wPTX plus RAM for patients with peritoneal dissemination. METHODS: The P-SELECT trial (WJOG10617G) is a prospective, open-label, multicentre, randomised phase II study evaluating wPTX plus RAM (arm A) versus w-nab-PTX plus RAM (arm B). Key eligibility criteria include the following: 1) histologically proven adenocarcinoma, 2) unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer, 3) peritoneal dissemination, 4) intolerance or refractory to first-line therapy including fluoropyrimidines, and 5) ECOG Performance Status (PS) 0-2. Patients are randomised to either arm at a 1:1 ratio stratified by institution, PS, and severity of ascites. PTX (80 mg/m2; days 1, 8, and 15) and RAM (8 mg/kg; days 1 and 15) are administered every 4 weeks in arm A, while nab-PTX (100 mg/m2; days 1, 8, and 15) instead of PTX is administered in arm B. The primary endpoint is OS, and the main secondary endpoints are PFS, objective response rate, safety, neuropathy-specific quality of life, and biomarkers. To maintain a probability of ≥70% to ensure the hazard ratio for OS in arm B is lower than 0.90, 105 subjects are required. The study was initiated in October 2018 and is being conducted in 58 centres of the West Japan Oncology Group. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will determine whether w-nab-PTX plus RAM has the potential to be a preferred therapeutic option for advanced and recurrent gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination, compared to wPTX plus RAM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was prospectively registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs031180022, October 1, 2018).

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved for various types of cancer; however, they cause a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The association between the development of irAEs and the clinical benefit remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the association of irAEs and the treatment efficacy in real-world practice. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on patients with recurrent or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, or gastric cancer who received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab) at the Keio University Hospital between September 2014 and January 2019. We recorded treatment-related AEs from medical records and graded them using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4. We performed an overall survival (OS) analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model and the shared frailty model. Results: Of 212 patients eligible for this study, 108 experienced irAEs and 42 developed multiple irAEs. The median OS was significantly longer in the irAEs than in the no-irAE group (28.1 months vs 12.7 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33–0.73; P = 0.0004). Moreover, the OS of patients with multiple irAEs was significantly longer than that of patients with a single irAE (42.3 months vs 18.8 months; HR, 0.473; 95% CI, 0.346–0.647; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our single-center retrospective study revealed a significant tendency associating the development of multiple irAEs with favorable prognoses.