論文

本研究ではデータ駆動アプローチによってSDGsのグローバル目標とターゲットの連環であるネクサス構造を分析した。SDGs ローカル指標、SDGs未来都市計画を対象に、スパースモデリングやネットワーク分析の技術を適用することでネクサス構造を帰納的に推論して可視化した。その結果、現状の日本のSDGsのグローバル目標とターゲットには特徴を持ったネクサス構造があること、日本のSDGsの状態を表す顕示データであるローカルSDGs指標による推論されるネクサス構造とこれからSDGs未来都市が行おうとしている計画の選好データに見られるネクサス構造は異なる傾向を持つことを示した。これらの知見は、シナジー・トレードオフ構造を理解した上でのセクターを超えた包摂的な計画立案、パートナーシップの形成への示唆を与えると期待される。

The United Nations’ (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs), the core of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the UN Paris Agreement, were adopted in 2015. Involvement of not only national governments but also all other stakeholders including local governments is important to promote sustainable development and to achieve the goals. The question arises, therefore, of what methods should be used to best implement and assess sustainability issues at a local level. In this light, a new version of Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE), CASBEE for Cities, is introduced for assessing the sustainability of cities and communities around the world based on SDG indicators and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The tool allows users to understand the sustainability of cities and communities based on quality (Q) and environmental load (L) perspectives. The sustainability assessments show that cities in developed countries tend to have good grades for Q, but bad grades for L, while cities in developing countries tend to have the opposite trend. This will assist cities and communities in both developed and developing countries to understand urgent problems and to identify effective solutions for sustainable development.

Mixed-mode ventilation has been attracting attention as an air conditioning method for improving IEQ and for energy saving in buildings. This study measured the indoor environment and power consumption of air conditioning in an office building with mixed-mode ventilation in spring. The results showed that PMV remained at 0.0 - 0.5 with mixed-mode ventilation, and that the power consumption of air conditioning was approx. 72.8 %-82.1 % lower than that of floors without mixed-mode ventilation, and the ventilation volume exceeded the benchmark of 30 m3/h per person.

災害や各種リスクに対応し得るレジリエントな都市の実現を目指すにあたり，目標達成に向けた進捗状況の把握，課題の発見は極めて重要なプロセスである。この際に適切な指標を設定し，公開されている統計情報に基づきながら都市のレジリエンス性を推計することができれば，人的，物的，時間的コストを抑えつつ，実態の把握が可能となることからその有用性は高い。そこで，本研究では都市のレジリエンス性を測るための指標群（都市レジリエンス性評価指標）を開発し，その適用可能性の検証を行うことを目的として，日本の大都市のレジリエンス性の評価を実施した。都市レジリエンス性評価指標の開発に際して，はじめに各省庁の基幹統計や大都市比較統計年表等の公開統計情報の精査を行いつつ，都市のレジリエンス性を測定し得る指標の候補をリストアップした。続いて，①データの収集容易性，②データの信頼性，③指標の代表性，④地域普遍性，⑤政策適用性等の基準を全て満たす指標のみを残し，最終的に18個の指標を都市レジリエンス性評価指標として選定した。さらに東京都区部および政令指定都市に関する公開統計情報を収集した上で検証的主成分分析を実施し，その結果に基づいて18個の都市レジリエンス性評価指標を統合し，各都市の予防力，順応力，転換力を評価するための統合評価指標を開発した。そして三つの統合評価指標を用いて日本の大都市のレジリエンス性評価を実施し，各都市の実態や特徴を明らかにした。

Company health management is known to have a positive impact on employee work performance and health. Good office environments are also known to improve employee performance and health. However, do certified health management companies consider the maintenance of a superior office environment as a means to maintain high levels of employee performance and health? This study examined whether certified health management companies have better office environments and if their certification in health management is positively related to employee outcomes. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 1644 employees across 61 companies in Tokyo, Japan, collected data on their perception of office environment quality and perceived outcomes. A company was deemed to be engaged in health management if it had received certification for health management. The results of the comparison, after controlling for covariates with propensity score matching, showed that certified health management companies tend to have employees who are more satisfied with their office environment and have a higher perceived office environment. In addition, employees in these companies were found to have better perceived outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of integrating healthy office environments into company health-management strategies.

Despite the fact that housing represents a fundamental unit of urban systems where people spend much of their daily lives, little attention has been paid to the structural relationship between residential environments and subjective well-being. In this study, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the structural relationship between residential environment and subjective well-being, controlling for the effects of demographic factors and personality traits. An online survey of 1,001 adult residents in Japan measured subjective well-being and assessed residential environments, consisting of the thermal, acoustic, light, hygiene, safety, and security. The model revealed an important pathway from the residential environment to subjective well-being mediated by life-domain satisfaction. The six environmental components described above all contributed substantially to the latent residential environment construct, with safety and hygiene showing the highest loadings. This study contributes to a more fundamental understanding of the structural relationship between residential environments and subjective well-being. It also provides insights into designing better residential environments that enable everyone to live in healthier and more supportive spaces—an endeavor that is crucial for promoting sustainable and inclusive urban development, particularly in terms of enhancing overall quality of life.

The efforts of local governments are essential to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To support these initiatives, an online platform providing SDG-related information was developed. The platform offers two main functions: searching for and sharing information. Users can search for plans, progress, and exemplary cases related to the SDGs across 1,788 local governments, while local governments can voluntarily share their own exemplary cases. Since its launch in 2018, the platform has been utilized by approximately 400 local governments, facilitating widespread information sharing.

In Japan, the energy consumption of the residential sector is significantly high. Therefore, insulation retrofitting and behavioral changes have become critical to enhance energy efficiency. Although several studies have examined these factors, they have focused on standard dwelling units and generalized lifestyle patterns. This study investigated, through simulations, the impacts of thermal insulation performance and lifestyle behavior on energy consumption, health, and economic efficiency of an actual Zero Energy House (ZEH)-certified dwelling installed with a dual-generation system combining photovoltaic panels and a solid oxide fuel cell. The simulation model was validated using energy consumption and indoor temperature data from the winter of 2024; resident interviews were also incorporated to reflect their behavior. Results showed that the primary energy consumption exceeded the ZEH design values, mainly owing to higher-than-expected lighting and gas consumption. Lighting was used in unoccupied rooms, and water heating was frequently used. Operating floor heating systems for only approximately 3 h per day was sufficient to maintain indoor temperatures above 18 °C, the WHO-recommended minimum in winter. Regarding the building envelope performance, residents’ morning blood pressure was estimated at 127.5 mmHg; however, a lower thermal insulation performance resulted in an increase in blood pressure to 137.6 mmHg, exceeding the 135 mmHg threshold, indicating potential health risks. Behavioral optimizations, such as controlling the use of unnecessary lighting, high-efficiency appliances, and water heating systems, reduce energy consumption by 15% and improved economic efficiency by 33%, without compromising health. Moreover, even when operating 24-hr floor heating, these behavioral optimizations contribute toward reducing energy consumption by 11% and improving economic efficiency by 25%.

This paper introduces a comprehensive assessment tool of the built environment of cities, referred to as “CASBEE-City”. The tool supports local governments and other stakeholders in identifying environmental, social and economic characteristics of their cities and to quantify the effectiveness of city-led policies. As for the other CASBEE tools, CASBEE-City also implements the concept of environmental efficiency and allows evaluation of a city from two aspects simultaneously: the aspect of decreasing negative environmental load emitted outside the city, and that of improving environmental quality and activities inside the city. It is expected to contribute to the realization of sustainable cities.

本研究ではSDGsに関する話題の動向を把握する方法として，新聞記事に対するテキストマイニングの有用性を検討することを目的とした。具体的には朝日新聞を対象に「SDGs」が含まれる記事を収集し，対象記事の件数や分量の時系列推移を把握するとともに，出現語の関係性の可視化を試みた。その結果，SDGsが採択された当初の2015・2016年はSDGsの紹介や全球規模の問題について扱われていたのに対して，2017年以降はそれらの話題を残しつつ徐々にSDGsの達成に向けて活用が期待される技術や国内の地域レベルの問題，自治体・企業・学校での具体的な事例・取り組みへと話題が変化していったことを明らかにすることができ，SDGsに関する話題の動向を把握する方法として，新聞記事に対するテキストマイニングの有用性を示すことができた。

日本全国のSDGs未来都市について，154 の未来都市計画の内容分析と15 の自治体担当者を対象とした聞取り調査結果を基に，SDGs政策の重点ゴールの変化，総合計画におけるSDGs対応の手法，庁内外への普及啓発の現状とSDGs推進上の課題を明らかにした。SDGs担当課だけでなく行政各課もSDGsマッピングの作成過程に参加することで普及啓発のねらいがあると考察されたほか，先行研究と比較したところ未来都市における課題と一般的な自治体における課題には異なるところがあり，先進的に取り組んでいるが故に生じる課題がいくつかの未来都市で明らかになった。

地球と社会の限界を考慮して，安全で公正な活動空間 (SJOS) 内で持続可能な社会を実現するには，ローカルレベルで SJOS のパフォーマンスを評価することが重要である。本研究では，SJOSのパフォーマンスを評価するための都道府県スケールの指標データベースを構築し，グローバルの閾値に基づいてプラネタリーバウンダリーの超過とソーシャルバウンダリーの不足の評価の試行を行なった。この結果，CO2排出量とエコロジカル・フットプリントが超過しつつ，ほぼすべての都道府県で社会的基盤が整備されている傾向が見られた。今回の分析を通じた今後の研究課題として，環境指標のデータのギャップの解消とSJOS指標のローカライズの必要性を示した。

Municipalities have played a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in recent years. This study analyzes changes in awareness, interest, and implementation related to SDGs among municipalities in Japan, based on annual surveys conducted from 2018 to 2024. The results show that SDG awareness and interest increased significantly until 2020 and then stabilized. Implementation efforts continued to improve but varied by municipality size. Changes in barriers to SDG promotion were also examined, providing policy insights.