論文

© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. In this paper, we investigate the Fisher–Rao geometry of the two-parameter family of Pareto distribution. We prove that its geometrical structure is isometric to the Poincaré upper half-plane model, and then study the corresponding geometrical features by presenting explicit expressions for connection, curvature and geodesics. It is then applied to Bayesian inference by considering the Jeffreys prior determined by the volume form. In addition, the posterior distribution from the prior is computed, providing a systematic method to the Bayesian inference for Pareto distribution.

© 2019 The Author(s) We consider the system of a two ball automatic dynamic balancer attached to a rotating disc with nonconstant angular velocity. We directly compare the scenario of constant angular velocity with that when the acceleration of the rotor is taken into consideration. In doing so we show that there are cases where one must take the acceleration phase into consideration to obtain an accurate picture of the dynamics. Similarly we identify cases where the acceleration phase of the disc may be ignored. Finally, we briefly consider nonmonotonic variations of the angular velocity, with a view of maximising the basin of attraction of the desired solution, corresponding to damped vibrations.

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. This paper mainly contributes to a classification of statistical Einstein manifolds, namely statistical manifolds at the same time are Einstein manifolds. A statistical manifold is a Riemannian manifold, each of whose points is a probability distribution. With the Fisher information metric as a Riemannian metric, information geometry was developed to understand the intrinsic properties of statistical models, which play important roles in statistical inference, etc. Among all these models, exponential families is one of the most important kinds, whose geometric structures are fully determined by their potential functions. To classify statistical Einstein manifolds, we derive partial differential equations for potential functions of exponential families; special solutions of these equations are obtained through the ansatz method as well as group-invariant solutions via reductions using Lie point symmetries.

© 2019 by the authors. In this paper, symmetry analysis is extended to study nonlocal differential equations. In particular, two integrable nonlocal equations are investigated, the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the nonlocal modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Based on general theory, Lie point symmetries are obtained and used to reduce these equations to nonlocal and local ordinary differential equations, separately; namely, one symmetry may allow reductions to both nonlocal and local equations, depending on how the invariant variables are chosen. For the nonlocal modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, analogously to the local situation, all reduced local equations are integrable. We also define complex transformations to connect nonlocal differential equations and differential-difference equations.

We consider the calculation of Euler–Lagrange systems of ordinary difference equations, including the difference Noether’s theorem, in the light of the recently-developed calculus of difference invariants and discrete moving frames. We introduce the difference moving frame, a natural discrete moving frame that is adapted to difference equations by prolongation conditions. For any Lagrangian that is invariant under a Lie group action on the space of dependent variables, we show that the Euler–Lagrange equations can be calculated directly in terms of the invariants of the group action. Furthermore, Noether’s conservation laws can be written in terms of a difference moving frame and the invariants. We show that this form of the laws can significantly ease the problem of solving the Euler–Lagrange equations, and we also show how to use a difference frame to integrate Lie group invariant difference equations. In this Part I, we illustrate the theory by applications to Lagrangians invariant under various solvable Lie groups. The theory is also generalized to deal with variational symmetries that do not leave the Lagrangian invariant. Apart from the study of systems that are inherently discrete, one significant application is to obtain geometric (variational) integrators that have finite difference approximations of the continuous conservation laws embedded a priori. This is achieved by taking an invariant finite difference Lagrangian in which the discrete invariants have the correct continuum limit to their smooth counterparts. We show the calculations for a discretization of the Lagrangian for Euler’s elastica, and compare our discrete solution to that of its smooth continuum limit.

© 2018 IEEE. Cooperation between peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays and underlying networks has been proposed as an effective approach to improve the efficiency of both the applications and the underlying networks. However, fundamental characteristics with respect to Internet service providers (ISP) business relationships and inter-ISP routing information are not sufficiently investigated in the context of collaborative ISP-P2P paradigms in multidomain environments. In this paper, we focus on such issues and develop an analytical modeling framework for analyzing optimized interdomain peer selection schemes concerning ISP policies, with the main purpose of mitigating cross-ISP traffic and enhancing service quality of end users. In addition, we introduce an advanced hybrid scheme for peer selections based on the proposed analytical theory framework, in accordance with practical network scenarios, wherein cooperative and noncooperative behaviors coexisting. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme incorporating ISP policies is able to achieve desirable network efficiency as well as great service quality for P2P users. Our analytical modeling framework can be used as a guide for analyzing and evaluating future network-aware P2P peer selection paradigms in general multidomain scenarios.

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. A general theorem on conservation laws for arbitrary difference equations is proved. The theorem is based on an introduction of an adjoint system related with a given difference system, and it does not require the existence of a difference Lagrangian. It is proved that the system, combined by the original system and its adjoint system, is governed by a variational principle, which inherits all symmetries of the original system. Noether's theorem can then be applied. With some special techniques, e.g. self-adjointness properties, this allows us to obtain conservation laws for difference equations, which are not necessary governed by Lagrangian formalisms.

© 2015, Editura Academiei Romane. All rights reserved. The instability of an entropic dynamical model is considered via Jacobi vector field and the Lyapunov exponent. From the viewpoint of information geometry, geometric structure of the statistical manifold underlying this model is investigated, and we conclude that it is a manifold with constant negative scalar curvature. By use of the Jacobi vector field associated with the geodesics, we study the asymptotic behavior of the geodesic spread on the statistical manifold and reach that it is described by an exponentially divergent Jacobi vector field with respect to time. A positive Lyapunov exponent is also obtained, that explains the local instability of the system as well. Furthermore, submanifolds are studied similarly.

© 2014, Taylor & Francis. This paper presents a relation between divergence variational symmetries for difference variational problems on lattices and conservation laws for the associated Euler–Lagrange system provided by Noether's theorem. This inspires us to define conservation laws related to symmetries for arbitrary difference equations with or without Lagrangian formulations. These conservation laws are constrained by partial differential equations obtained from the symmetries generators. It is shown that the orders of these partial differential equations have been reduced relative to those used in a general approach. Illustrative examples are presented.

© 2014, Institute of Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Mathematical Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Geometric structures of a manifold of positive definite Hermite matrices are considered from the viewpoint of information geometry. A Riemannian metric is defined and dual α-connections are introduced. Then the fact that the manifold is ±1-flat is shown. Moreover, the divergence of two points on the manifold is given through dual potential functions. Furthermore, the optimal approximation of a point onto the submanifold is gotten. Finally, some simulations are given to illustrate our results.

In this paper, we use natural gradient algorithm to control the shape of the conditional output probability density function for the stochastic distribution systems from the viewpoint of information geometry. The considered system here is of multi-input and single output with an output feedback and a stochastic noise. Based on the assumption that the probability density function of the stochastic noise is known, we obtain the conditional output probability density function whose shape is only determined by the control input vector under the condition that the output feedback is known at any sample time. The set of all the conditional output probability density functions forms a statistical manifold (M), and the control input vector and the output feedback are considered as the coordinate system. The Kullback divergence acts as the distance between the conditional output probability density function and the target probability density function. Thus, an iterative formula for the control input vector is proposed in the sense of information geometry. Meanwhile, we consider the convergence of the presented algorithm. At last, an illustrative example is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

A new framework to calculate the numerical solution of the discrete algebraic Lyapunov equation is proposed by using the geometric structures on the Riemannian manifold. Specifically, two algorithms based on the manifold of positive definite symmetric matrices are provided. One is a gradient descent algorithm with an objective function of the classical Euclidean distance. The other is a natural gradient descent algorithm with an objective function of the geodesic distance on the curved Riemannian manifold. Furthermore, these two algorithms are compared with a traditional iteration method. Simulation examples show that the convergence speed of the natural gradient descent algorithm is the fastest one among three algorithms.©2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.