論文

We present a 17-year-old Japanese male high school student, who had applied steroid ointment for atopic dermatitis, with fingernail onychomycosis due to Trichophyton tonsurans. He was found positive for T. tonsurans infection based on hairbrush culture performed due to an epidemic of T. tonsurans infection in his judo club. The hairbrush culture method is very important in screening for this infection, and dermatologists should examine the entire body of athletes who are found positive using this method. For the diagnosis of T. tonsurans infection, other than the skin and hair, the nails should also be checked by dermoscopy because the fingernail may be the origin of this fungus.

Malnutrition is a severe problem among elderly residents living in long-term care facilities. A simple and accurate estimation for total daily energy expenditure (TEE) is required in order to provide them with an adequate amount of food. The purpose of this study was to validate a physical activity assessment tool for estimating TEE among elderly residents. The data of 58 subjects aged 69-99 y were analyzed in this study. The one-day physical activity recall was filled out by facility staff for a typical day. TEE was measured by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method (TEEDLW), and predicted by one-day physical activity recall using the basal metabolic rate (pTEEBMR) and body weight (pTEEBW). The TEEDLW, pTEEBMR and pTEEBW were 1,129±196 kcal/d, 1,186±251 kcal/d and 1,326±236 kcal/d, respectively. In a regression model, body weight, movement means and sex explained 39.0% of the variance in the difference between pTEEBMR and TEEDLW (p<0.05). Percentage of fat mass, body weight, and Barthel Index except mobility explained 47.3% of the variance in the difference between pTEEBW and TEEDLW (p<0.05). The current results suggested that pTEEBW is not recommended to estimate TEE because the error depends on body size, and pTEEBMR was significantly correlated with TEEDLW but also included systematic errors in elderly residents. In order to improve the accuracy of the present assessment to estimate TEE, it is necessary to establish a new equation of basal metabolic rate for elderly residents and consider sex and movement means to estimate TEE.

ランニングフォームの異常はスポーツ外傷・障害につながることが知られている。また、効率のよいランニングフォームは障害予防と合わせて、パフォーマンス向上につながる。ランニングフォームの解析は3次元モーションキャプチャーが用いられることが多いが、設備の整った研究施設内での実施に限られる。それに対し、アスリートが軽量のセンサーを常時装着することができれば、ランニングフォームの異常にすばやく気が付くことができ、スポーツ障害予防につながる可能性がある。そこで本研究では、新開発の加速度計を内蔵したメガネ型ウェアラブルセンサーで検出したデータと、3次元モーションキャプチャーで検出したデータがアスリートのランニング中において相関するかどうかを調べた。被験者10名にメガネ型ウェアラブルセンサーの装着及び赤外線反射マーカーを貼付し室内トレッドミルにおいて、1分間の走行(時速10.8km)を3回行わせた。その結果、ランニング時において、メガネ型ウェアラブルセンサーによる前後方向および内外側方向の加速度データは、3次元モーションキャプチャーで検出した胸郭軸の傾きの変化のデータと正の相関関係を示した。(著者抄録)

© 2019, The Author(s). Identifying progressive early chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients at a health checkup is a good opportunity to improve their prognosis. However, it is difficult to identify them using common health tests. This worksite-based cohort study for 7 years in Japan (n = 7465) was conducted to evaluate the progression of CKD. The outcome was aggravation of the KDIGO prognostic category of CKD 7 years later. The subjects were male, 59.1%; age, 50.1 ± 6.3 years; and eGFR, 79 ± 14.4 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . The number of subjects showing CKD progression started to increase from 3 years later. Vector analysis showed that CKD stage G1 A1 was more progressive than CKD stage G2 A1. Bayesian networks showed that the time-series changes in the prognostic category of CKD were related to the outcome. Support vector machines including time-series data of the prognostic category of CKD from 3 years later detected the high possibility of the outcome not only in subjects at very high risks but also in those at low risks at baseline. In conclusion, after the evaluation of kidney function at a health checkup, it is necessary to follow up not only patients at high risks but also patients at low risks at baseline for 3 years and longer.

© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd The aim of the present study was to determine the total energy expenditure, physical activity and dietary intake of men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and control participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus who were matched for age and body mass index. The participants in the present study were 12 well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 10 controls, aged 40–75 years, with a body mass index <30 kg/m 2 . Total energy expenditure under free-living conditions was assessed using the doubly labeled water method, and physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer. Dietary intake was assessed using a self-recorded food intake diary during the measurement period. Participants were instructed to record their dietary intake over 3 days, including 2 weekdays. Total energy expenditure was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.153), nor were energy (P = 0.969) or macronutrient intakes. In conclusion, when age and body mass index are matched, total energy expenditure and self-reported energy intake are not significantly different between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy controls.