論文

プロドラマーとノンドラマーの両手協調性の違いを明らかにし、観測した両手協調性のスキルレベル差は、非線形力学系モデルの非対称項の違いとして数理的に説明できることを示した。

拡張聴覚フィードバックを用いて上肢関節協調パターンの運動学習を行う際のフィードバック頻度の影響について調査し、多い頻度の聴覚フィードバックが学習効果の保持を高める可能性があることを明らかにした。

リズミカルなストリートダンスにおける身体運動制御について、ダイナミカルシステムアプローチの観点から概説し、今後の研究の展望について述べた。

Given that approximately one-third of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics, different neurobiological bases may underlie treatment resistance in schizophrenia. Previous studies showed that treatment response is associated with both frontostriatal connectivity and glutamatergic neurometabolite levels in the caudate in patients with schizophrenia, which leads to the hypothesis that the relationship between them may be altered, specifically in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Employing analyses of covariance and subsequent partial correlation analyses, we compared the relationship between glutamate+glutamine (Glx) levels in the caudate and fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the tract between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate in 19 patients with TRS, 20 patients responsive to first-line antipsychotics (FL-Resp), and 19 healthy controls (HCs). TRS was defined by severe positive symptomatology despite first-line antipsychotic treatment. Patients with TRS had lower FA values in the bilateral frontostriatal tracts than patients with FL-Resp and HCs (P < .001), while no group differences were found in caudate Glx levels. There was a significant frontostriatal FA value-by-group interaction on caudate Glx levels (F = 7.37, P = .009). Frontostriatal FA values positively correlated with caudate Glx levels in HCs (r = −.55, P = .028), while they were negatively associated with caudate Glx levels in the TRS group (r = .53, P = .043). Furthermore, in the FL-Resp group, frontostriatal FA values did not significantly correlated with caudate Glx levels. The altered relationship between white matter integrity and the glutamate system in the frontostriatal circuit in the TRS group may reflect the pathophysiology underlying treatment response/resistance in schizophrenia.

ドラマーが両手最速タッピングを行った場合、スティック使用が両手協調性に与える影響について明らかにした。

ドラマーが片手最速タッピングを行った場合、スティック使用がタップ間隔変数とタップ力変数に与える影響について明らかにした。

ヒトの歩行中に予測不可能な状態で床が消失した場合の姿勢制御と下肢筋活動応答について明らかにした。

ストリートダンスの世界チャンピオン、ダンサー、ノンダンサーの指運動がメトロノーム拍子に対してどの程度同期しているのかを調査し、ストリートダンスの世界チャンピオンは多様なテンポ下で運動速度のピークタイミングとビートタイミングを安定して同期させていることを明らかにした。

The uniqueness of human music relative to speech and animal song has been extensively debated, but rarely directly measured. We applied an automated scale analysis algorithm to a sample of 86 recordings of human music, human speech, and bird songs from around the world. We found that human music throughout the world uniquely emphasized scales with small-integer frequency ratios, particularly a perfect 5th (3:2 ratio), while human speech and bird song showed no clear evidence of consistent scale-like tunings. We speculate that the uniquely human tendency toward scales with small-integer ratios may relate to the evolution of synchronized group performance among humans.

Music throughout the world varies greatly, yet some musical features like scale structure display striking crosscultural similarities. Are there musical laws or biological constraints that underlie this diversity? The “vocal mistuning” hypothesis proposes that cross-cultural regularities in musical scales arise from imprecision in vocal tuning, while the integer-ratio hypothesis proposes that they arise from perceptual principles based on psychoacoustic consonance. In order to test these hypotheses, we conducted automatic comparative analysis of 100 children’s and adult songs from throughout the world. We found that children’s songs tend to have narrower melodic range, fewer scale degrees, and less precise intonation than adult songs, consistent with motor limitations due to their earlier developmental stage. On the other hand, adult and children’s songs share some common tuning intervals at small-integer ratios, particularly the perfect 5th (~3:2 ratio). These results suggest that some widespread aspects of musical scales may be caused by motor constraints, but also suggest that perceptual preferences for simple integer ratios might contribute to cross-cultural regularities in scale structure. We propose a “sensorimotor hypothesis” to unify these competing theories.

高齢者の脳海馬体積が Approach‐oriented Coping Strategy と関連していることを明らかにした。

Background: The neural basis of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) remains unclear. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that aberrant connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and default mode network (DMN) may play a key role in the pathophysiology of TRS. Thus, we aimed to examine the connectivity between the ACC and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a hub of the DMN, computing isolated effective coherence (iCoh), which represents causal effective connectivity. Methods: Resting-state electroencephalogram with 19 channels was acquired from seventeen patients with TRS and thirty patients with non-TRS (nTRS). The iCoh values between the PCC and ACC were calculated using sLORETA software. We conducted four-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) for iCoh values with group as a between-subject factor and frequency, directionality, and laterality as within-subject factors and post-hoc independent t-tests. Results: The ANOVA and post-hoc t-tests for the iCoh ratio of directionality from PCC to ACC showed significant findings in delta (t = 7.659, p = 0.008) and theta (t = 8.066, p = 0.007) bands in the left side (TRS < nTRS). Conclusion: Left delta and theta PCC and ACC iCoh ratio may represent a neurophysiological basis of TRS. Given the preliminary nature of this study, these results warrant further study to confirm the importance of iCoh as a clinical indicator for treatment-resistance. 45 45

バスケットボールの熟練者と未熟練者のドリブルパフォーマンスの時空間的特性の違いについて明らかにした。