論文

We have developed a high-throughput, compact network switch (the RHiNET-2/SW) for a distributed parallel computing system. Eight pairs of 800-Mbit/s×12-channel optical interconnection modules and a CMOS ASIC switch are integrated on a compact circuit board. To realize high-throughput (64 Gbit/s) and low-latency network, the SW-LSI has a customized high-speed LVDS I/O interface, and a high-speed internal SRAM memory in a 784-pin BGA one-chip package. We have also developed device implementation technologies to overcome the electrical problems (loss and crosstalk) caused by such high integration. The RHiNET-2/SW system enables high-performance parallel processing in a distributed computing environment.

© 2001 IEEE. We have developed a prototype network switch, RHiNET-3/SW, for a RHiNET high-performance distributed parallel computing environment. It has eight I/O ports and each port provides high-speed, bi-directional 10-Gbit/s-per-port parallel optical data transmission in a distance of over 300 m. The aggregate throughput is 80 Gbit/s per board. A switch consists of a one-chip CMOS ASIC 8x8 switch LSI (SW-LSI; a 784-pin BGA package), four deskew LSIs, and eight pairs of 1.25-Gbit/s x 12-channel optical interconnection modules on a single board. The switch uses a hop-by-hop retransmission mechanism and credit-based flow control to provide reliable and long-transmission-distance data communication. The deskew LSI has a skew compensation function for 10-bit parallel data channels and an 8B10B encoder/decoder. Its optical transmitter modules use an 850-nm VCSEL and a 12-channel MMF (multi-mode fiber) ribbon. RHiNET-3/SW enables high-throughput. Long-distance and flexible-flow-control network communication by means of distributed parallel computing using commercial PCs.

A local area distributed computing system called RHiNET (RWCP High Performance Network), in which thousands of commodity personal computers and workstations can be connected by high speed optical interconnection is being developed. RHiNET consists of network interfaces, network switches and optical interconnections. RHiNET will provide a single system image to users and support high performance parallel computing. This paper presents an overview of the system.

© 2000 IEEE. The communication architecture of the DIMMnet-1 network interface, based on MEMOnet, is described. MEMOnet is an architecture consisting of a network interface plugged into a memory slot. The DIMMnet-1 prototype will have two banks of PC133 based SO-DIMM slots and an 8 Gbps full duplex optical link or two 448 MB/s full duplex LVDS channel links. The software overhead incurred to generate a message is only I CPU cycle and the estimated hardware delay is less than 100 ns using the atomic on-the-fly sending with header TLB. The estimated achievable communication bandwidth with block on-the-fly sending with protection stampable window memory is 440 MB/s which was observed in our experiments writing to the DIMM area with a write combining attribute. This is 3.3 times higher than the maximum bandwidth of PCI. This high performance distributed computing environment is available using economical personal computers with DIMM slots.

© 2001 IEEE. With the aim of producing a switch LSI with several-hundred-Gb/s-class throughput, we first developed LAN-LSIs with 10-Gb/s-class optical input/output (I/O) buffer. The optical I/O buffer was supplied as a set consisting of an optical-electrical package, soft or hard macros of the optical interface, and library files for a targeted CMOS technology. Using such library files, system LSI designers can implement an optical interface in their chips in a conventional design manner.

We have produced a prototype network-switch board (the RHiNET-2/SW) for optical interconnection. Eight pairs of 800-Mbit/s×12-channel optical interconnection modules and a one-chip CMOS ASIC switch LSI (a 784-pin BGA package) are mounted on to a single board. This board allows 8-Gbit/s/port parallel optical data transmission over a distance of up to 100 m, and the aggregate throughput is 64 Gbit/s/board. All of the electrical interfaces are composed of CMOS-LVDS logic. We have evaluated the skew of the signal and the reliability of each optical port by measuring the BER. No errors were detected during the 1011-bit packet data transmission at a data rate of 880 Mbit/s×10 bits (8.8 Gbit/s/port). (This corresponds to a BER of less than 10-11). The skew between data channels in one I/O port was less than 141 ps. The fiber length was 50 m. This test result shows that we achieved a high-throughput and long-transmission-length RHiNET-2/SW system using optical interconnection, and that the reliability of the I/O ports in the RHiNET-2/SW is sufficient for the RHiNET-2 parallel computing system.

Smart Community (SC) uses IoT sensors to provide smart grid control, traffic management, and similar IoT services. These services expect to run at the network edge or fog layer to provide low latency network services, encapsulate citizens’ private information, support low-cost IoT terminals from cyber-attacks, and support other cutting-edge fog and edge services. SC edge is a service platform that supports edge/fog services for IoT terminals by using Docker containers. Initially, SC edge/fog computing nodes did not support the function of service migration. However, service migration is necessary to support remote deployment and service distribution in SC networks. The existing container migration techniques focus mainly on resource utilization. However, SC services should handle loss-free data stream processing and order-preservation of network packets to gather IoT sensor data after migration. In addition, SC services require one-to-many migration to support high throughput loads when required. Therefore, this paper focuses on enhancing SC service flexibility by introducing migration for relocatable and network consistency guaranteed containerized services. SC edge proposes multiple container migration techniques that are suitable for network services. The proposed techniques can improve resource consumption, guarantee network traffic consistency, and apply one-to-many migration patterns. Layer leveraging migration (LLM) reduces the overall migration time by 10.8% for an elastic search Docker container than available Docker migration methods. Additionally, consistency guaranteed migration (CGM) is proposed to guarantee network consistency. However, CGM consumes additional resources compared to LLM for IoT data management. Finally, One to N Consistency Guaranteed Migration (O2NCGM) is proposed to support one-to-many migration with data consistency that shows similar performance to CGM.

Smart Community (SC) uses IoT sensors to provide smart grid control, traffic management, and similar IoT services. These services expect to run at the network edge or fog layer to provide low latency network services, encapsulate citizens' private information, support low-cost IoT terminals from cyber-attacks, and support other cutting-edge fog and edge services. SC edge is a service platform that supports edge/fog services for IoT terminals by using Docker containers. Initially, SC edge/fog computing nodes did not support the function of service migration. However, service migration is necessary to support remote deployment and service distribution in SC networks. The existing container migration techniques focus mainly on resource utilization. However, SC services should handle loss-free data stream processing and order-preservation of network packets to gather IoT sensor data after migration. In addition, SC services require one-to-many migration to support high throughput loads when required. Therefore, this paper focuses on enhancing SC service flexibility by introducing migration for relocatable and network consistency guaranteed containerized services. SC edge proposes multiple container migration techniques that are suitable for network services. The proposed techniques can improve resource consumption, guarantee network traffic consistency, and apply one-to-many migration patterns. Layer leveraging migration (LLM) reduces the overall migration time by 10.8% for an elastic search Docker container than available Docker migration methods. Additionally, consistency guaranteed migration (CGM) is proposed to guarantee network consistency. However, CGM consumes additional resources compared to LLM for IoT data management. Finally, One to N Consistency Guaranteed Migration (O2NCGM) is proposed to support one-to-many migration with data consistency that shows similar performance to CGM.

Smart Community (SC) uses IoT sensors to provide smart grid control, traffic management, and similar IoT services. These services expect to run at the network edge or fog layer to provide low latency network services, encapsulate citizens’ private information, support low-cost IoT terminals from cyber-attacks, and support other cutting-edge fog and edge services. SC edge is a service platform that supports edge/fog services for IoT terminals by using Docker containers. Initially, SC edge/fog computing nodes did not support the function of service migration. However, service migration is necessary to support remote deployment and service distribution in SC networks. The existing container migration techniques focus mainly on resource utilization. However, SC services should handle loss-free data stream processing and order-preservation of network packets to gather IoT sensor data after migration. In addition, SC services require one-to-many migration to support high throughput loads when required. Therefore, this paper focuses on enhancing SC service flexibility by introducing migration for relocatable and network consistency guaranteed containerized services. SC edge proposes multiple container migration techniques that are suitable for network services. The proposed techniques can improve resource consumption, guarantee network traffic consistency, and apply one-to-many migration patterns. Layer leveraging migration (LLM) reduces the overall migration time by 10.8% for an elastic search Docker container than available Docker migration methods. Additionally, consistency guaranteed migration (CGM) is proposed to guarantee network consistency. However, CGM consumes additional resources compared to LLM for IoT data management. Finally, One to N Consistency Guaranteed Migration (O2NCGM) is proposed to support one-to-many migration with data consistency that shows similar performance to CGM.

Smart Community (SC) uses IoT sensors to provide smart grid control, traffic management, and similar IoT services. These services expect to run at the network edge or fog layer to provide low latency network services, encapsulate citizens' private information, support low-cost IoT terminals from cyber-attacks, and support other cutting-edge fog and edge services. SC edge is a service platform that supports edge/fog services for IoT terminals by using Docker containers. Initially, SC edge/fog computing nodes did not support the function of service migration. However, service migration is necessary to support remote deployment and service distribution in SC networks. The existing container migration techniques focus mainly on resource utilization. However, SC services should handle loss-free data stream processing and order-preservation of network packets to gather IoT sensor data after migration. In addition, SC services require one-to-many migration to support high throughput loads when required. Therefore, this paper focuses on enhancing SC service flexibility by introducing migration for relocatable and network consistency guaranteed containerized services. SC edge proposes multiple container migration techniques that are suitable for network services. The proposed techniques can improve resource consumption, guarantee network traffic consistency, and apply one-to-many migration patterns. Layer leveraging migration (LLM) reduces the overall migration time by 10.8% for an elastic search Docker container than available Docker migration methods. Additionally, consistency guaranteed migration (CGM) is proposed to guarantee network consistency. However, CGM consumes additional resources compared to LLM for IoT data management. Finally, One to N Consistency Guaranteed Migration (O2NCGM) is proposed to support one-to-many migration with data consistency that shows similar performance to CGM.