論文

Cellular response to dynamic chemical stimulation encodes rich information about the underlying reaction pathways and their kinetics. Microfluidic chemical stimulators play a key role in generating dynamic concentration waveforms by mixing several aqueous solutions. In this article, we propose a multi-layer microfluidic chemical stimulator capable of modulating chemical concentrations by a simple binary logic based on the electronic-hydraulic analogy of electronic R-2R ladder circuits. The proposed device, which we call L-2L ladder digital-to-analogue converter (DAC), allows us to systematically modulate 2n levels of concentrations from single sources of solution and solvent by a single operation of 2n membrane valves, which contrasts with existing devices that require complex channel geometry with multiple input sources and valve operations. We fabricated the L-2L ladder DAC with n = 3 bit resolution and verified the concept by comparing the generated waveforms with computational simulations. The response time of the proposed DAC was within the order of seconds because of its simple operation logic of membrane valves. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the waveforms revealed that the transient concentration can be systematically predicted by a simple addition of the transient waveforms of 2n = 6 base patterns, enabling facile optimization of the channel geometry to fine-tune the output waveforms.

Microalgae are considered to be promising producers of bioactive chemicals, feeds and fuels from carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. Thus, the prediction of microalgal growth profiles is important for the planning of cost-effective and sustainable cultivation-harvest cycles. This paper proposes a mathematical model capable of predicting the effect of light flux into culture and medium concentration on the growth profiles of microalgae by incorporating these growth-limiting factors into a logistic equation. The specific form of the equation is derived based on the experimentally measured growth profiles of Monoraphidium sp., a microalgal strain isolated by the authors, under 16 conditions consisting of combinations of incident light fluxes into culture and initial medium concentrations. Using a cross-validation method, it is shown that the proposed model has the ability to predict necessary incident light flux into culture and initial medium concentration for harvesting target biomass at a target time. Finally, model-guided cultivation planning is performed and is evaluated by comparing the result with experimental data.

In nature, bacteria regulate their population-level behavior using a molecular communication (MC) mechanism mediated by signaling molecules that diffuse between cells. The MC mechanism has been actively used in recent synthetic biology to transmit the state of genetic circuits, but it is not clear how the cell-cell communication channel affects the performance of the MC systems. In this paper, we propose a computational method to analyze the impact of disturbance on cell-cell MC systems based on a general reaction-diffusion model of MC systems. More specifically, we present an algebraic equation to compute the performance metric of the rejection of disturbance for each spatial frequency. Finally, we illustrate the proposed method by analyzing an activator-repressor-diffuser network and discuss the effect of the diffusive communication on disturbance response.

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd A class of networked dynamical systems with multiple homogeneous agents can be represented by a linear system with a generalized frequency variable. This paper is concerned with robust stability analysis of such class of systems under perturbations in the dynamics of agents. The perturbed agents no longer share the same dynamics and thus the analysis encompasses heterogeneous multi-agent systems consisting of slightly different agents. We first present nominal stability conditions for the system of interconnected MIMO agents. We then focus on robust stability, where we consider three types of perturbations, leading to homogeneous agents, heterogeneous agents with and without uncertain interconnections. For each case, we show that a necessary and sufficient condition for robust stability is given by an H ∞ -norm bound on a set of transfer functions parametrized by the eigenvalues of the interconnection matrix, provided the nominal interconnections have a certain structure. The robust stability condition is interpreted as the requirement that the eigenvalues of the interconnection matrix be located in a particular region on the complex plane. The usefulness of the results is demonstrated through an application to robust stability analysis for gene regulatory networks.