論文

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate differences in background parenchymal uptake (BPU) between patients with and without breast cancer using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Methods: Female patients (n = 130, 62.9 ± 12.7 years) with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 50 healthy participants (59.6 ± 13.3 years) without breast cancer were retrospectively included. BPU was evaluated using the maximum standardized uptake value. Data on participant age, body mass index, blood glucose level, and menopausal status were collected from medical records. Breast density was evaluated using mammography. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to examine the correlation between breast cancer and various characteristic factors, including BPU. Results: The BPU of patients with breast cancer was significantly higher than that of controls (P < 0.001). The results of logistic regression analysis regarding the presence of breast cancer demonstrated that BPU and menopausal status showed higher odds ratios of 13.6 and 4.25, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for BPU was 0.751. Conclusions: Patients with breast cancer showed higher 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-BPU. Glucose metabolism of mammary glands may correlate with the development of breast cancer.

Objectives: To compare the predictive ability of liver fibrosis (LF) by CT-volumetry (CTV) for liver and spleen and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) for liver in patients undergoing liver resection. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 90 consecutive patients who underwent CTV and ECV. Manually placed region-of-interest ECV (manual-ECV), rigid-registration ECV (rigid-ECV), and nonrigid-registration ECV (nonrigid-ECV) were calculated as ECV(%) = (1-haematocrit) × (ΔHUliver/ΔHUaorta), where ΔHU = subtraction of unenhanced phase from equilibrium phase (240 s). Manual-ECV was compared with CTV for the estimation of LF. The total liver volume to body surface area (TLV/BSA), splenic volume to BSA (SV/BSA), ratio of TLV to SV (TLV/SV), ratio of right liver volume to SV (RV/SV), and liver segmental volume ratio (LSVR) were measured. ROC analyses were performed for ECV and CTV. Results: After excluding 10 patients, seventy-eight (97.5%) out of 80 patients had a Child-Pugh score of 5 points, and two (2.5%) patients had a Child-Pugh score of 6 points. AUC of ECV showed no significant difference among manual-ECV, rigid-ECV, and nonrigid-ECV. TLV/BSA, SV/BSA, TLV/SV, and RV/SV had a higher correlation with LF grades than manual-ECV. AUC of SV/BSA was significantly higher than that of manual-ECV in F0-1 vs F2-4 and F0-2 vs F3-4. AUC of SV/BSA (0.76–0.83) was higher than that of manual-ECV (0.61–0.75) for all LF grades, although manual-ECV could differentiate between F0-3 and F4 at high AUC (0.75). Conclusions: In patients undergoing liver resection, SV/BSA is a better method for estimating severe LF grades, although manual-ECV has the ability to estimate cirrhosis (≥ F4). Key Points: The splenic volume is a better method for estimating liver fibrosis grades.The extracellular volume fraction is also a candidate for the estimation of severe liver fibrosis.

Purpose: To compare the characteristics of polidocanol (POL) and ethanolamine oleate (EO) sclerosing foams produced by a Shirasu porous glass membrane (SPGM) device with those made using a 3-way stopcock (3WSC). Materials and Methods: Foam half-life times were measured in an ex-vivo benchtop study. Computed tomography (CT) images of each foam were obtained over the time course, and a CT texture analysis was conducted. The bubble size in each foam was measured by an optical microscope. Results: Median foam half-life times were longer in the SPGM group than in the 3WSC group (POL: 198 vs 166 s, P =.02; EO: 640 vs 391 s, P <.01). In the CT texture analysis, median standard deviation (SD) and entropy (randomness) were lower, and median energy (uniformity) and gray-level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) homogeneity were higher in the SPGM group than in the 3WSC group (POL SD: at 30 s and 50–300 s; POL entropy: at 0–60 s; EO SD: at 0–600 s; EO entropy: at 0–460 s; POL energy: at 0–40 s; POL GLCM homogeneity: at 0–250 s; EO energy: at 0–360 s; EO GLCM homogeneity: at 0–480 s; all P <.05). Median bubble diameters in the SPGM group and in the 3WSC group were 69 and 83 μm (P <.01), respectively, in the POL foam; and 36 and 36 μm (P =.45), respectively, in the EO foam. Conclusions: POL and EO foams had greater uniformity and longer foam half-life time when prepared with an SPGM device than with a 3WSC.

Endovascular treatment is prevalent as a primary treatment for coronary and peripheral arterial diseases. Although the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES) dramatically reduced the risk of in-stent restenosis, stent thrombosis persists as an issue. Notwithstanding improvements in newer generation DES, they are yet to address the urgent clinical need to abolish the late stent complications that result from in-stent restenosis and are associated with late thrombus formation. These often lead to acute coronary syndromes with high mortality in coronary artery disease and acute limb ischemia with a high risk of limb amputation in peripheral arterial disease. Recently, a significant amount of research has focused on alternative solutions to improve stent biocompatibility by using tissue engineering. There are two types of tissue engineering endothelialisation methods: in vitro and in vivo. To date, commercially available in vivo endothelialised stents have failed to demonstrate antithrombotic or anti-stenosis efficacy in clinical trials. In contrast, the in vitro endothelialisation methods exhibit the advantage of monitoring cell type and growth prior to implantation, enabling better quality control. The present review discusses tissue-engineered candidate stents constructed by distinct in vitro endothelialisation approaches, with a particular focus on fabrication processes, including cell source selection, stent material composition, stent surface modifications, efficacy and safety evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies, and future directions. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Purpose: To retrospectively compare the predictive value of computed tomography volumetry (CTV), magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the liver, and their combination for major complications after liver resection. Methods: We enrolled 108 consecutive patients who underwent anatomical liver resection for liver tumors and preoperative contrast-enhanced CT and MRE. The future liver remnant (FLR) ratio was calculated by CTV, while the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was obtained by MRE. FLR ratio alone, LSM alone, and combined FLR ratio and LSM were evaluated to predict major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ IIIa). Univariate and multivariate analyses of hepatic biochemical parameters and imaging data were performed to identify predictors of major complications. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of FLR ratio, LSM, and their combination were performed, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: Twenty-two (20.4%) of the 108 patients experienced major complications. According to multiple regression analysis, the FLR ratio (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–0.99, p = 0.040) and LSM (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.01–2.94, p = 0.047) were independent predictors of major complications. The combined FLR ratio and LSM were predictive of major complications, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.818, sensitivity of 68.2%, and specificity of 84.9%. The AUC and specificity for combined FLR ratio and LSM were larger than those for FLR ratio (AUC: 0.711, specificity: 80.2%) and LSM (AUC: 0.793, specificity: 80.2%). Conclusion: Combined CTV and MRE analysis can improve the AUC and specificity for predicting major complications after anatomical liver resection.

Objective: The Oncotype DX (ODX) estimates the 10-year risk of metastasis or recurrence of breast cancer and indicates whether chemotherapy is likely to be effective; however, the high cost of this test may limit its use for patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of preoperative imaging using mammography (MMG), ultrasonography (US), and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) metabolic parameters in predicting the ODX recurrence score (ODXRS), which prognosticates estrogen receptor-positive (ER +)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 51 patients with ER+/ HER2− early-stage breast cancer with preoperative images available. Surgical specimens were sent for ODX assay and the ODXRS was categorized as low (<18) or intermediate/high (≥18). MMG/US findings were classified according to BI-RADS categories. For MRI analysis, tumor growth orientation was evaluated in addition to morphological assessment in BI-RADS. For PET/CT analysis, standardized uptake value (SUV) of the tumor were measured. Patient, tumor, and image characteristics were compared between the two groups, and predictors of the low ODXRS group were determined by logistic regression analysis. Two-sided P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty-two (63%) and 19 (37%) patients were categorized as low and intermediate/high ODXRS, respectively. On univariate analysis, nuclear grade, tumor margin, and tumor growth orientation on MRI, and SUVmax on PET/CT were significantly associated with a low ODXRS. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor growth orientation perpendicular to the Cooper’s ligament on MRI (P = 0.031) and a low SUVmax on PET/CT (P = 0.016) were independent prognostic factors for a low ODXRS. As a predictor of low ODXRS, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the SUVmax showed that using 3.0 as the optimal cut-off value has a sensitivity and specificity of 94.4% and 73.0%, respectively, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.923. Conclusions: The combination of perpendicular tumor growth orientation to Cooper’s ligaments on MRI and a low SUVmax on PET/CT may predict a low ODXRS.

Objective: To evaluate whether the change in computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) metrics after balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) can predict treatment effect in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients. Methods: This study included 82 CTEPH patients who underwent both CTPA and right heart catheterization (RHC) before and at the scheduled time of 6 months after BPA. The diameters of the main pulmonary artery (dPA), ascending aorta (dAA), right atrium (dRA), right ventricular free wall thickness (dRVW), and right and left ventricles (dRV, dLV) were measured on CTPA. The correlation of the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, and calculated CT metrics with a decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure (ΔmPAP) using RHC (used as the reference for BPA effect) was investigated. Using multiple regression analysis, independent variables were also identified. Results: In univariate analysis, clinical indicators (NYHA FC, 6MWD, and BNP level) improved significantly after BPA and were significantly correlated with ΔmPAP (p < 0.01). In the univariate analysis of CTPA parameters, dPA, dRA, dPA/dAA ratio, dRVW, and dRV/dLV ratio decreased significantly and were significantly correlated with ΔmPAP (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that decreased dPA (p = 0.001) and decreased dRA (p = 0.039) on CTPA were independent predictive factors of ΔmPAP. Conclusions: Decreased dPA and dRA on CTPA could predict a decrease in mPAP after BPA, thus potentially eliminating unnecessary invasive catheterization. Key Points: • The reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure after balloon pulmonary angioplasty in CTEPH patients was significantly correlated with the clinical indices improvement and CTPA parameter decrease. • The decreased diameter of the main pulmonary artery and the decreased diameter of the right atrium on CTPA were independent predictors of mean pulmonary artery pressure reduction.