総説・解説等

全世界的に悪性黒色腫治療の変化は著しく、新薬の承認に加えて新しい治験が次々実施されている。日本においては2014年に新薬が承認され、臨床の現場も大きく変わりつつある。分子標的薬としては免疫チェックポイント阻害薬である抗CTLA-4抗体、抗PD-1抗体のほか、小分子化合物であるBRAF阻害薬やMEK阻害薬が高い有効性を示している。また、免疫原性の高い癌であり、T細胞療法の有効性も示されている。他の癌腫への広がりも期待される注視すべき領域であり、これらの治療について臨床を中心にまとめた。(著者抄録)

© 2018 Fukuda and Funakoshi. In the published article, there was an error in the number of ongoing clinical trial for HER2-positive unresectable or metastatic EMPD "(UMIN-000006629)". Instead of "(UMIN-000006629)", it should be "(UMIN000021311)". The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

© 2018 Fukuda and Funakoshi. Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare, slow-growing, cutaneous adenocarcinoma that usually originates in the anogenital area and axillae outside the mammary glands. EMPD mostly progresses slowly and is often diagnosed as carcinoma in situ; however, upon becoming invasive, it promptly and frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes, leading to subsequent distant metastasis. To date, several chemotherapy regimens have been used to treat metastatic EMPD; however, they present limited effect and patients with distant metastasis exhibit a poor prognosis. Recently, basic and translational investigative research has elucidated factors and molecular mechanisms underlying the promotion of metastasis, which can lead to targeted therapy-based emerging treatment strategies. Here, we aim to discuss current therapies and their limitations; advancements in illustrating mechanisms promoting invasion, migration, and proliferation of EMPD tumor cells; and future therapeutic approaches for metastatic EMPD that may enhance clinical outcomes.