論文

© 2017 Elsevier Inc. Purpose To explore factors affecting the difference between objective refractive data measured under monocular closed-field viewing and binocular open-field viewing. Design Prospective observational case series. Methods SETTING: Institutional. STUDY POPULATION: Twenty-nine healthy volunteers (58 eyes; mean age, 38.4 ± 10.0 years; range, 25–60 years). OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Objective monocular refractions (MR) measured with the Nidek Auto Ref/Keratometer ARK-730A; objective binocular refractions (BR) and objective accommodative amplitude (AA) measured with the Grand Seiko Auto Ref/Keratometer WAM-5500; ocular dominance measured using the hole-in-the-card test; presence and magnitude of far/near (30 cm) phoria evaluated by the cover test and alternating cover test using a prism bar. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The difference between objective refractive data measured under monocular closed-field viewing and binocular open-field viewing. Results The spherical equivalent (SE) of the BR was significantly (P <.001) more hyperopic by 0.51 ± 0.33 diopter (D) than the MR. The difference (BR minus MR) tended to decline with increasing age and decreasing AA (r = −0.231, P =.08; r = 0.223, P =.092, respectively). The correlation between age and difference in SE was significant in dominant eyes (r = −0.372, P =.047) but not in nondominant eyes (r = −0.102, P =.60). In nondominant eyes, the amount of near phoria was correlated significantly (r = 0.403, P =.03) with the difference in SE. The correlation was strong (r = 0.598, P = .01) in 17 subjects with more than 3 D of AA. Conclusions Binocular assessment of refraction is important for precise refractive therapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the functional visual acuity (FVA) and useful field of view (UFOV) in elderly drivers and assess the usefulness of the FVA test to screen driving aptitude in elderly drivers.METHODS: This study included 45 elderly drivers (31 men, 14 women; mean age, 68.1 years) and 30 younger drivers (26 men, 4 women; mean age, 34.2 years) who drive regularly. All participants underwent measurement of the binocular corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA), binocular corrected distant FVA (CDFVA), and Visual Field with Inhibitory Tasks Elderly Version (VFIT-EV) to measure UFOV. The tear function and cognitive status also were evaluated.RESULTS: The CDVA, the CDFVA, cognitive status, and the correct response rate (CAR) of the VFIT-EV were significantly worse in the elderly group than in the control group (P = 0.000 for all parameters). The cognitive status was correlated significantly with the CDVA (r = -0.301, P = 0.009), CDFVA (r = -0.402, P = 0.000), and the CAR of the VFIT-EV (r = 0.348, P = 0.002) in all subjects. The results of the tear function tests were not correlated with the CDVA, CDFVA, or VFIT-EV in any subjects. Stepwise regression analysis for all subjects in the elderly and control groups showed that the CDFVA predicted the CAR most significantly among the clinical factors evaluated.CONCLUSION: The FVA test is a promising method to screen the driving aptitude, including both visual and cognitive functions, in a short time.

© 2016 Ayaki et al. Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is potentially associated with sleep and mood disorders. This study evaluated sleep quality in patients with DED using a questionnaire-based survey before and after topical eyedrop treatment. The effectiveness of sleep and ophthalmic services in assisting with sleep problems in patients with eye disease was also assessed. Methods: Seventy-one consecutive patients with DED visiting eight general eye clinics in various locations answered a questionnaire containing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Photophobia and chronotype (morningness/eveningness) were also evaluated with two representative questions from established questionnaires (National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 and Morningness/Eveningness questionnaire). Follow-up evaluation was conducted by interview or mail 3–10 months after the initial evaluation. A sleep service was established in two eye clinics to identify possible ocular diseases related to sleep and mood disorders; it comprised a questionnaire, sleep diary, actigram, medical interviews, visual field testing, retinal ganglion cell layer thickness measurement, and DED examination. Results: Patients with newly diagnosed DED exhibited a greater improvement in sleep after DED treatment compared with patients with established DED. Improvement in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was significant (P<0.05) and strongly correlated with improvement in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (P<0.05) for new patients, but not for patients with established DED. Ten eye clinic patients visited the sleep service and nine of them had DED. They were successfully treated with eyedrops and sleep services, which included blue-light-shield eyewear and wearable blue-light therapy lamps according to their problem. Conclusion: Sleep quality improved in patients with DED after topical treatment with or without the sleep service. Psychiatric treatment focusing on sleep disorders could be beneficial for patients with DED.

© 2016 Taylor & Francis. We investigated sleep quality and melatonin in 12 adults who wore blue-light shield or control eyewear 2 hours before sleep while using a self-luminous portable device, and assessed visual quality for the two eyewear types. Overnight melatonin secretion was significantly higher after using the blue-light shield (P < 0.05) than with the control eyewear. Sleep efficacy and sleep latency were significantly superior for wearers of the blue-light shield (P < 0.05 for both), and this group reported greater sleepiness during portable device use compared to those using the control eyewear. Participants rated the blue-light shield as providing acceptable visual quality.

The aim of the present study was to measure gait velocity in cataract and simulated patients. The study was performed on 239 cataract patients, 115 age-matched subjects, and 11 simulated patients. We measured gait velocity and analyzed gait using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Mean gait velocity before and 2 and 7 months after cataract surgery was 0.91 ± 0.19, 1.04 ± 0.21, and 1.06 ± 0.21 m/s, respectively, for males and 0.84 ± 0.22, 0.91 ± 0.24, and 0.92 ± 0.25 m/s, respectively, for females. The increase after surgery was significant in both groups at 7 months (P < 0.05). Gait velocity was significantly slower in cataract patients compared with controls before surgery, but no longer different after surgery. In simulated patients, mean velocity was 87.0 ± 11.4% of normal vision with a 3° visual field and 92.4 ± 12.3% of normal when counting fingers. Initial velocity was 89.1 ± 14.6% of normal vision with a 3° visual field and 92.7 ± 11.6% of normal when counting fingers. There was a significant difference between normal and impaired visual function (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate the close relationship between visual function and gait in cataract patients and simulated patients.

Copyright © SLACK Incorporated. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new acrylic one-piece toric intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS: This prospective multicenter clinical trial included 93 eyes of 61 patients that were implanted with a hydrophobic acrylic toric IOL from 2010 to 2012 and followed for 1 year. This IOL uses the platform of a microincision one-piece aspheric IOL, the NY-60 IOL (HOYA, Tokyo, Japan), with three increments in cylindrical power (NHT15, 1.5 diopters [D]; NHT23, 2.25 D; and NHT30, 3.0 D). The inclusion criterion was preoperative corneal astigmatism from 0.75 to 3.00 D. The primary endpoint was uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 0.0 logMAR (20/20 Snellen) or better 6 months postoperatively. In addition to UDVA, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), residual astigmatism, stability of the IOL alignment, need of realignment, and the rate of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy were evaluated up to 1 year postoperatively. Errors in astigmatic correction were assessed using Alpin's vector analysis. RESULTS: The primary endpoint was achieved in 54.8% of eyes. One year postoperatively, the logMAR UDVAs were 0.02 ± 0.13, 0.05 ± 0.17, and 0.09 ± 0.14 with models NHT15, NHT23, and NHT30, which corresponds to 0.96 (19/20 Snellen), 0.89 (18/20 Snellen), and 0.82 (16/20 Snellen), respectively. One year postoperatively, the residual astigmatism was 0.66 ± 0.58 D. In each evaluation, the mean absolute change in the position of the axis mark was between 1.93° and 2.32°. Three eyes required repositioning of the IOL axis and 2 eyes received Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The correction error showed an undercorrection with against-the-rule astigmatism and overcorrection with with-the-rule astigmatism. CONCLUSIONS: The new one-piece toric IOL provided desirable clinical outcomes and stability in eyes with corneal astigmatism.

© 2015 Ayaki et al. Purpose: We aimed to explore the prevalence of probable sleep and mood disorders in eye clinic visitors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The participants were outpatients at six eye clinics from January through March, 2014. Outpatients were invited to complete a questionnaire containing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A final diagnosis was made, and patients were classified into six diagnostic groups. The main outcome measures were the scores of the PSQI and HADS among the diagnostic groups. Results: A total 1,000 outpatients participated, and 730 patients (mean age 59.5±19.0 years; 487 females) were analyzed after exclusion of children and patients diagnosed with healthy eyes, acute injury, or unilateral pseudophakia. The mean PSQI and HADS scores across all patients were 5.3±3.1 and 9.2±6.2, respectively. For the diagnostic groups, the mean PSQI and HADS scores, respectively, were 5.7±3.3 and 10.2±6.0 for dry eye (n=247), 5.4±3.2 and 9.2±5.7 for bilateral cataracts (n=159), 5.3±3.3 and 8.0±5.3 for bilateral pseudophakia (n=99), and, 5.0±3.1 and 9.8±6.6 for glaucoma (n=109). Overall, 37.3% of patients were poor sleepers (PSQI $6), and 45.5% had possible mood disorders (HADS $10). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the PSQI and HADS scores were significantly correlated with both age (P,0.05) and the presence of dry eye (P,0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep and mood disorders was significantly higher in patients with dry eye. The present results suggest consultation-liaison psychiatry services may be beneficial among eye disease patients.

目的:Implantable collamer lens(ICL:STAAR Surgical Company)挿入術後にpigment dispersion syndrome(PDS)を発症した症例を経験したので報告する。症例:32歳、男性。ICL希望で当科初診。所見:初診時視力は右眼0.04(1.25 -10.75)、左眼0.032(1.25 -8.50 cyl-4.00 Ax180°)。前眼部・眼底所見に特記すべき所見なし。両眼ICL挿入術(右眼:ICM125V4-15.0D、左眼:ICM130V4-17.0D/+5.0D)を施行、周辺虹彩切除を併施した。術1週間後より両眼霧視を自覚、視力は右眼0.8(1.6 -0.50 cyl-1.00 Ax180°)、左眼0.7(1.25 +0.75 cyl-1.75 Ax20°)、前房内フレア値(photons/millisecond)は右眼12.3、左眼14.6と軽度上昇、ICL前面にびまん性に微細な色素沈着を認めた。眼圧は右眼9mmHg、左眼10mmHg。0.1%ベタメタゾン(サンベタゾン)点眼にて、術後1ヵ月の視力は右眼1.25(1.6 -0.25 cyl-1.00 Ax175°)、左眼1.0(1.6 -0.75 cyl-0.75 Ax30°)、自覚症状も改善した。結論:眼圧上昇なく内科的に治療しえたPDS症例を経験した。術中周辺虹彩切除術がPDS発症に寄与した可能性が考えられた。(著者抄録)

目的:OKULIX(OK)、A-P法(A-P)、Shammas-PL式(S)、Haigis-L式(H-L)、Iida-Shimizu method(I-S)の5式を用いて、laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)後の白内障手術における眼内レンズ(IOL)度数計算の精度を比較する。方法:LASIK術後に白内障手術を行い、術後1ヵ月以上経過観察できた28例36眼で、前述のIOL計算式による術後屈折誤差を後方視的に比較した。結果:術後屈折誤差(算術値)の中央値(D)はOK、A-P、S、H-L、I-Sの順に0.00、0.48、-0.69、-0.83、-0.33でSおよびH-Lは他よりも近視寄りだった(P<0.01)。術後屈折誤差が±1.0D以内の割合(%)は、同順に83.3、80.6、76.0、60.0、86.1であり、±1.0D以内の割合はH-LがOK、I-Sよりも低かった(P<0.05)。結論:計算式によって屈折誤差の分布は異なる。LASIK術後のIOL度数決定の際には各計算式による誤差の特徴も考慮すべきである。(著者抄録)

目的:LASIKを受けたのちに生じた白内障に対し,多焦点眼内レンズを挿入した2例の報告。症例:2症例とも男性で,年齢は47歳と55歳である。それぞれ6年前と2年前に近視に対するLASIKを受けた。両症例とも右眼に白内障があり,矯正視力はそれぞれ1.2と0.7であった。白内障手術を行い,回折型多焦点眼内レンズを挿入した。遠見と近見裸眼視力は,1例では1.2と1.0,他の1例ではいずれも1.0で,自覚的には満足が得られた。術後コントラスト感度は2症例とも正常値の下限にあった。結論:LASIKの既往がある眼での白内障手術と多焦点眼内レンズの挿入では,術後の屈折値の誤差と視機能低下の可能性があり,術前のインフォームド・コンセントが必要である。(著者抄録)

PURPOSE: To evaluate surgically induced changes in corneal, internal, and ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation and compare them between two PIOLs with different pupillary diameters. METHODS: Twenty-three eyes with an Artisan PIOL (Ophtec BV, Groningen, The Netherlands) (Artisan group) and 30 eyes with an Artiflex PIOL (Ophtec BV) (Artiflex group) were retrospectively evaluated. The corneal, internal, and ocular HOAs and refractive data were recorded preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. The root mean squares (RMSs) of the total HOAs from the third- to sixth-order Zernike coefficients were calculated. The RMSs of the third- and fourth-order coefficients represented coma-like aberrations (S3) and spherical-like aberrations (S4), respectively. The main outcome measures were the differences in the parameters among the groups with different pupillary diameters. RESULTS: The mean postoperative spherical equivalents decreased from -11.84 ± 4.90 to -0.16 ± 0.40 diopters and -9.78 ± 3.20 to -0.09 ± 0.26 diopters in the Artisan and Artiflex groups, respectively. With the 4- and 5-mm pupillary diameters, the postoperative internal and ocular spherical aberrations (Z40) were significantly lower in the Artiflex group than in the Artisan group (4 mm, P = .002, .024; 5 mm, P = .004, .022, respectively). With the 6-mm pupillary diameter, there were no significant postoperative differences in any parameter measured between groups; both groups had positive spherical aberration values. CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative ocular spherical aberrations were positive after Artisan and Artiflex implantation. The postoperative ocular spherical aberration was greater in the Artisan group, possibly due to differences in the SAs of both PIOLs. Copyright © SLACK Incorporated.

Purpose: To describe 3 cases with deep corneal stromal opacity that occurred several months after corneal cross-linking. Methods: A 36-year-old man, a 19-year-old man, and a 14-yearold girl underwent corneal cross-linking for their progressive keratoconus. Corneal cross-linking was performed according to the Dresden protocol. The corneal epithelium was ablated using an excimer laser in 2 cases and manually in 1 case. After 30 minutes of riboflavin presoaking, hypotonic riboflavin solution was applied until the corneal stroma swelled, after which the eyes were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. Slit-lamp microscopy findings, uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, intraocular pressure, and corneal endothelial cell counts were evaluated, and corneal topography with Scheimpflug imaging was performed. Results: In all cases, the epithelium healed without delay. All eyes showed mild stromal infiltration a few days after the procedure; however, the inflammation was resolved within 1 week. The corneal stroma revealed no opacity up to 1 month after the procedure. A deep stromal opacity that extended to the inferior paracentral area developed after a few months and remained for 6 months to 1 year. Because the opacity was not on the visual axis, the visual acuity was not involved. Conclusions: Deep stromal opacity developed several months after uneventful corneal cross-linking. Postoperative inflammation may play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

PURPOSE: To study the effect of pupil size on the relationship between refractive astigmatism and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and pseudoaccommodation in pseudophakic eyes. METHODS: Thirty-six eyes from 36 patients who underwent phacoemulsifi cation and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were included. All eyes were divided into two groups based on the presence of postoperative with-therule astigmatism or against-the-rule astigmatism. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive astigmatism, subjective accommodation amplitude, and pupil sizes under photopic and mesopic conditions were measured 1 month postoperatively. The effects of pupil size on the relationship between refractive astigmatism and UDVA were investigated. RESULTS: Against-the-rule astigmatism had a moderate but signifi cant negative linear correlation with UDVA irrespective of the pupil size (R2=0.60, P<.01). A moderate but signifi cant negative linear correlation was found when the pupil diameter exceeded 2.9 mm in eyes with with-the-rule astigmatism (R2=0.46, P=.04). Refractive astigmatism was not signifi cantly correlated with pseudoaccommodation regardless of the pupil diameter in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study suggest that pupil size may have an impact on postoperative UDVA in eyes having against the-rule astigmatism and in eyes with a large pupil diameter and with-the-rule astigmatism. Copyright © SLACK Incorporated.

PURPOSE: To report the changes in functional visual acuity (FVA) in eyes with experimentally induced astigmatism. METHODS: This study included 26 right eyes from 26 healthy participants (mean age: 27.0±4.4 years). After confi rming best correction under cycloplegia, the cylinder power ×90° and ×180° (against-the-rule [ATR] and with-the-rule [WTR] astigmatism, respectively) were added with 0.50-diopter (D) steps, from 0.50 to 2.50 D. Conventional visual acuity (VA), FVA as measured by the FVA Measurement System (NIDEK Co Ltd), and 10% low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) were measured with 3-mm artifi cial pupil under each condition. RESULTS: The mean corrected logMAR VA, FVA, LCVA were -0.18±0.00 (20/13), -0.10±0.08 (20/16), and 0.06±0.06 (20/23), respectively. The VA, FVA, and LCVA had a signifi cant linear negative correlation with the addition of cylinder irrespective of the axes. A significant decrease in FVA was noted on addition of ≥0.50 D WTR astigmatism and ≥1.00 D ATR astigmatism. With the addition of 1.00 D of cylindrical lens, 96% of eyes with WTR and ATR astigmatism could maintain 20/20 in VA testing, whereas only 50% and 62% of eyes with WTR and ATR astigmatism, respectively, could maintain 20/20 in FVA testing. CONCLUSIONS: Astigmatism may be associated with deterioration of visual function even when conventional VA of 20/20 is attained. Functional VA testing seems to be useful in evaluating the masked astigmatic visual impairment that cannot be detected by conventional VA testing. Copyright © SLACK Incorporated.

PURPOSE. To investigate the lipid and DNA oxidative stress as well as corneal and retinal effects after ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure in mice, with or without silicon hydrogel soft contact lenses (SCL). METHODS. Twenty-eight C57BL6-strain male mice were divided into four groups: group I, control group with no SCL (SCL [-]) and no UV-B exposure (UV-B [-]); group II, senofilcon A SCL (senofilcon [+]) with UV-B exposure (UV-B [+]); group III, lotrafilcon A SCL (lotrafilcon [+]) with UV-B exposure (UV-B [+]); and group IV, no SCL (SCL [-]), but with UV-B exposure (UV-B [+]). All mice except group I received UV-B exposure for 5 days for a total dose of 2.73 J/cm 2. All mice underwent tear hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) and tear cytokine ELISA measurements, and fluorescein and rose bengal corneal staining before and after UV-B exposure. Corneal specimens underwent immunohistochemistry staining with CD45, HEL, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) antibodies and evaluation with electron microscopy. RESULTS. All mice without SCL but exposed to UV-B developed corneal edema, ulcers, or epithelial damage compared with mice with senofilcon A SCL and exposure to UV-B. Tear HEL and cytokine levels significantly increased in mice without SCL after UV-B exposure. Immunohistochemistry showed a significantly higher number of cells positively stained for CD45, 8-OHdG, HEL, and 4-HNE in the corneas of mice without SCLs compared with those with senofilcon A after UV-B exposure. CONCLUSION. Silicon hydrogel SCL showed corneal and retinal protective effects, owing to UV blocking properties, against oxidative stress-related membrane lipid and cellular DNA damage. © 2012 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between contrast sensitivity and calculated higher-order aberrations based on individual natural pupil diameter after cataract surgery. Methods: This prospective study included 120 eyes from 92 patients who were randomized to receive one of four lenses, including three aspheric lenses (Acrysof SN60WF, Tecnis ZA9000, and Hoya Py60AD) and one spherical lens (Acrysof SN60AT). Contrast sensitivity, higher-order aberrations of the whole eye, and pupil diameter under photopic and mesopic conditions were measured 1 month postoperatively. Higher-order aberrations were decomposed into Zernike coefficients, calculated according to individual pupil diameter. The correlation between higher-order aberrations and contrast sensitivity was evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in contrast sensitivity function between the four types of lenses under photopic conditions. However, the contrast sensitivity function and area under log contrast sensitivity function in the aspheric lenses were significantly better than in the spherical lens under mesopic conditions. Under mesopic conditions, spherical aberration in eyes with aspheric lenses was significantly lower than in eyes with spherical lenses (P,<0.05). Under photopic conditions, coma aberration had a significant negative correlation with contrast sensitivity at 12 cycles/degree. Under mesopic conditions, spherical aberration had a significant negative correlation with contrast sensitivity at 3, 6, and 12 cycles/degree with glare, and with contrast sensitivity at 6 and 18 cycles/degree without glare. Conclusion: In terms of influence on visual function, coma aberration may be more significant under photopic conditions and spherical aberration under mesopic conditions. © 2011 Yamaguchi et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.

Purpose. To prospectively evaluate the effect of controlled adverse chamber environment (CACE) exposure on tear function, including tear osmolarity, in subjects wearing narafilcon A versus those wearing etafilcon A soft contact lens (SCL). Methods. Thirty-one healthy subjects with no history of contact lens wear (13 women, 18 men; average age, 30.5 ± 6.5 years) were randomly divided into age- and sex-matched groups (15 subjects wearing narafilcon A SCL; 16 subjects wearing etafilcon A SCL) and entered a CACE for 20 minutes. All subjects underwent tear osmolarity, tear evaporation rate, strip meniscometry, tear film breakup time, fluorescein vital staining, and functional visual acuity measurement before and after exposure to the controlled adverse chamber. Results. The mean blink rate increased with significant deteriorations in the mean symptom VAS scores, mean tear osmolarity, tear evaporation rate, strip meniscometry score, and tear stability with CACE exposure along with a decrease in visual maintenance ratio in functional visual acuity testing in etafilcon A wearers. The mean symptom VAS scores, mean tear evaporation rate, tear stability, blink rates, and visual maintenance ratios did not change significantly in narafilcon A wearers after CACE exposure. Conclusions. This study suggested marked tear instability, higher tear osmolarity, and increased tear evaporation with marked dry eye and visual symptomatology in nonadapted hydrogel SCL wearers, suggesting that silicone hydrogel SCLs may be suitable for persons who live and work in cool, low-humidity, and windy environments, as tested in this study. © 2011 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.

Purpose: To compare corneal thickness and haze in Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Methods: This study included 30 consecutive patients undergoing DSAEK (18 patients) and PK (12 patients). Central corneal thickness and corneal haze were analyzed longitudinally by Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after grafting. Results: The mean age of patients in the DSAEK group was 71.42 ± 9.91 years (range, 55-85 years) and in the PK group was 60.58 ± 16.58 years (range, 31-81 years). Two weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery, the cornea was significantly thicker in the DSAEK group compared with the PK group (P < 0.01). Two weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after the operation, the cornea had significantly more haze in the DSAEK group compared with the PK group (P < 0.05). Haze in the DSAEK group was mainly observed in the subepithelial stroma. Conclusions: DSAEK grafts were significantly thicker with increased haze for up to 3 months after surgery. Scheimpflug system is available for quantifying not only corneal thickness but also corneal haze after various keratoplasty procedures. Copyright © 2011 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in functional visual acuity before and after neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy. Setting: Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Design: Case series. Methods: Eyes that had previous cataract surgery with a clinical diagnosis of central posterior capsule opacity requiring Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy were evaluated. All patients had refractive error and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) measurements; slitlamp microscopy examinations, including posterior capsule opacification evaluation; high-contrast visual acuity measured at 5 m using a Landolt chart; 10% low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA); functional visual acuity; wavefront examination; and a Schirmer test without anesthesia. Results: The study enrolled 9 patients (4 women, 5 men; 10 eyes) with a mean age of 57.3 years ± 7.0 (SD) (range 47 to 68 years). Although there was no significant difference in CDVA before and after Nd:YAG capsulotomy, there was a significant improvement in the mean functional visual acuity, from 0.18 ± 0.11 logMAR (range -0.03 to 0.31 logMAR) to 0.08 ± 0.07 logMAR (range -0.04 to 0.18 logMAR) (P<.05). The LCVA improved significantly after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy (P=.003). Higher-order aberrations and the root mean square of the 4th-order coefficients decreased significantly after capsulotomy, and these aberrations were significantly correlated with functional visual acuity and LCVA. Conclusion: Results indicate that measurement of functional visual acuity is useful in assessing the quality of vision in patients who have Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy after cataract surgery. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. © 2011 ASCRS and ESCRS.