総説・解説等

After the publication of this article [1], it was discovered that there was a typo in one sentence of the discussion. Therefore, we will correct it as follows. On line 47 of the discussion, it says “This is equivalent to playing tennis for approximately 10 min daily or running for about 7–8 min daily.” This is corrected to “This is equivalent to playing tennis for approximately 1 hour daily or running for about 40 min daily.” Published online: 5 December 2023 References 1. Nakagoshi N, Kubo S, Nishida Y, Kuwabara K, Hirata A, Sata M, et al. Determinants of double product: a cross-sectional study of urban residents in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med. 2023;28:37. https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.23-00002. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (2023) 28:74 https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.23-00220.

Correction to: Health Econ Rev 14, 8 (2024) Following the publication of the original article [1], the license copyright has been corrected to CC BY 3.0 IGO instead of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The full correct copyright line should read as below: © World Health Organization 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the World Health Organization, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. The use of the World Health Organization’s name, and the use of the World Health Organization’s logo, shall be subject to a separate written licence agreement between the World Health Organization and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO licence. Note that the link provided below includes additional terms and conditions of the licence. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. Old Copyright Line: © World Health Organization 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. The original article [1] has been updated.

Correction to: Hypertension Research https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-026-02668-8; Published online 26 May 2026. In this article Katsuyuki Miura at affiliation ‘NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan’ was missing from the author list. The original article has been corrected.

Seasonal variations in blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular risk represent one of the most consistently reproduced yet under-recognized phenomena in hypertension research. In Japan, where winter temperatures can fluctuate sharply in both outdoor and indoor environments, the burden of winter-associated cardiovascular events is strikingly visible in epidemiological data. The so-called “heat shock” phenomenon is defined as acute cardiovascular events triggered by sudden temperature changes. Recent statements by the Japanese Society of Hypertension, including the initiative “Morning BP Action in Winter,” emphasize that winter mornings constitute a uniquely hazardous physiological “heat shock” window—one in which sympathetic activation, thermal stress, and behavioral triggers converge to sharply elevate BP and precipitate acute cardiovascular events. This editorial commentary expands on the scientific rationale, clinical implications, and public health significance of this initiative, aiming to contextualize winter morning BP management as an essential preventive strategy.

Hypertension is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and significantly contributes to cardiovascular mortality. In Japan, the hypertensive population is estimated at 43 million, with only 27% achieving well-controlled blood pressure (BP). The onset of major cardiovascular events, including stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and aortic dissection, frequently occurs during the early morning hours. Accordingly, for over 20 years, the Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH) has prioritized the management of early morning hypertension and has emphasized the importance of antihypertensive treatment guided by home BP in its treatment guidelines. However, even among hypertensive patients with multiple medications, control of morning BP remains suboptimal, with fewer than 30% achieving target levels below 130/80 mmHg. To address this serious situation, JSH announced their Declaration for the Eradication of Morning Hypertension in 2025, in conjunction with the release of the Guidelines for the Management of Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension 2025. The primary specific measure of the declaration involves the Asakatsu BP Action Plan – the Morning Blood Pressure 130 Campaign – which encourages individuals to monitor their morning blood pressure (BP) in various settings, such as homes, workplaces, and BP kiosks set up in public spaces. Additionally, JSH is promoting a Systematic Review Project to raise awareness of the importance of early morning hypertension management nationally and internationally, and a Data Science Project to examine how digital technology can contribute to the promotion of personalized and anticipation medicine through “digital hypertension” research. (Figure presented.)

© 2018 Japan Atherosclerosis Society. Statement 1. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal hereditary disease with the 3 major clinical features of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, premature coronary artery disease and tendon and skin xanthomas. As there is a considerably high risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), in addition to early diagnosis and intensive treatment, family screening (cascade screening) is required (Recommendation level A) 2. For a diagnosis of FH, at least 2 of the following criteria should be satisfied: ① LDL-C ≥180 mg/dL, ② Tendon/skin xanthomas, ③ History of FH or premature CAD within 2nd degree blood relatives (Recommendation level A) 3. Intensive lipid-lowering therapy is necessary for the treatment of FH. First-line drug should be statins. (Rec-ommendation level A, Evidence level 3) 4. Screening for CAD as well as asymptomatic atherosclerosis should be conducted periodically in FH patients. (Recommendation level A) 5. For homozygous FH, consider LDL apheresis and treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors or MTP inhibitors. (Rec-ommendation level A) 6. For severe forms of heterozygous FH who have resistant to drug therapy, consider PCSK9 inhibitors and LDL apheresis. (Recommendation level A) 7. Refer FH homozygotes as well as heterozygotes who are resistant to drug therapy, who are children or are pregnant or have the desire to bear children to a specialist. (Recommendation level A).

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. The authors of the above paper have realized that an error has occurred in the number of eligible individuals selected and individuals who agreed to participate as below (page 142, 7th line of the paragraph immediately under “2.1. Study population”. (current) Of the 2994 eligible individuals selected, 1238 (1094 men) agreed to participate. (correct) Of the 2866 eligible individuals selected, 1236 (1094 men) agreed to participate. They assure that this error does not influence analyses, results, nor conclusions in the paper at all because all the analyses were conducted only for men, and therefore the number of study participants in the analyses is unchanged.

Incorrect Since CVD risk increases with age, categories for age were based on 10-year intervals up to age 60 years and 5-year intervals thereafter. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as having a fasting blood glucose level of ≥ 126 mg/dL, currently using anti-diabetic medication, or both. Cigarette smoking was dichotomized as current versus other. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the Friedewald equation . Non-HDL-C was calculated by subtracting HDL-C from TG. If the TG level was greater than 400 mg/dL, we set the value as missing (n =96). Correct Since CVD risk increases with age, categories for age were based on 10-year intervals up to age 60 years and 5-year intervals thereafter. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as having a fasting blood glucose level of ≥ 126 mg/dL, currently using anti-diabetic medication, or both. Cigarette smoking was dichotomized as current versus other. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the Friedewald equation . Non-HDL-C was calculated by subtracting HDL-C from TC. If the TG level was greater than 400 mg/dL, we set the value as missing (n=96). 27) 27)

© 2019, Japan Atherosclerosis Society. All rights reserved. Incorrect Methods Study Population Between 2006 and 2008, 2,381 Japanese men 40 to 79 years of age were randomly selected based on age strata from Kusatsu City, Japan and sent an invitation to participate in the baseline survey of the Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis (SESSA). Of these men, 1,096 agreed to participate. The population of 40-to 79-year-old men in Kusatsu city was 25,394 in April 2005. Therefore, the extraction rate was 9.4% (2,381/25,394), and the participation rate in this survey was 46% (1,096/2,381) for men. Correct Methods Study Population Between 2006 and 2008, 2,379 Japanese men 40 to 79 years of age were randomly selected based on age strata from Kusatsu City, Japan and sent an invitation to participate in the baseline survey of the Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis (SESSA). Of these men, 1,094 agreed to participate. The population of 40-to 79-year-old men in Kusatsu city was 25,394 in April 2005. Therefore, the extraction rate was 9.4% (2,379/25,394), and the participation rate in this survey was 46% (1,094/2,379) for men.