論文

Objective: Obesity is a risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to the rising incidence of cardiometabolic diseases. Renal sinus fat (RSF) is an ectopic fat depot located at the renal cavity that could impair renal function and hemodynamic through compression of renal structures. The major purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between RSF accumulation and renal dysfunction in CKD patients. Methods: We evaluated the associations between computed tomography measured RSF volume and key clinical and histologic parameters involved in renal function and hemodynamics in 132 well-characterized CKD patients who underwent renal biopsy (median age: 62 years; 63.6% men). Results: RSF volume normalized by renal volume (RSF%) positively correlated with obesity-related traits such body mass index and visceral fat volume (VFV) (all P < 0.001) whereas it negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (ρ = −0.42, P < 0.001) and 24-h urinary creatinine clearance (CCr) (ρ = −0.34, P < 0.001). Notably, we found robust positive correlations between RSF% and renal resistive index (RRI) measured by the Doppler ultrasound (ρ = 0.40, P < 0.001), and the histological severity of global glomerular sclerosis (ρ = 0.48, P < 0.001) and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) (ρ = 0.35, P < 0.001). In the multivariate linear regression models, after accounting for potential confounders including VFV, RSF% remained significantly associated with CCr (β = −0.26, P < 0.001), RRI (β = 0.17, P = 0.022), global glomerular sclerosis (β = 0.21, P = 0.002), and IFTA (β = 0.17, P = 0.012). Conclusion: RSF accumulation is associated with renal dysfunction and hemodynamic abnormalities independent of visceral adiposity. Our results suggest that RSF may have a potential unique role in the pathogenesis of CKD.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and leads to end-stage kidney disease. The proteinuria selectivity index (PSI) has been used to assess the prognosis in nephrotic syndrome, but its predictive value in patients with IgAN remains unclear. This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients who diagnosed with IgAN between March 2012 and March 2020. The PSI was calculated at the time of kidney biopsy. Patients were followed up from the time of kidney biopsy to kidney replacement therapy, death, transfer to another facility, or study completion. Ninety-four patients with a median age of 51 years were enrolled and divided according to the cutoff value of PSI determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis into low-PSI (PSI <0.243, n = 39) and high-PSI groups (PSI ≥0.243, n = 55). The median follow-up duration was 70 months. Rates of remission of proteinuria and survival without a two-fold increase in serum creatinine were significantly better in the low-PSI group (both p < 0.01, log-rank test). Cox regression analysis showed that a low PSI was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of remission of proteinuria and hematuria (hazard ratio [HR] 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–3.85 and HR 1.75; 95% CI 1.01–3.13, respectively), and a decreased risk of a two-fold increase in serum creatinine (HR 0.10; 95% CI 0.01–0.81). In conclusion, The PSI could have the potential to support the assessment of the prognosis of IgAN, in addition to established prognostic markers, by reflecting the overall glomerular permeability.