論文

Although the block Gibbs sampler for the Bayesian graphical LASSO proposed by Wang (2012) has been widely applied and extended to various shrinkage priors in recent years, it has a less noticeable but possibly severe disadvantage that the positive definiteness of a precision matrix in the Gaussian graphical model is not guaranteed in each cycle of the Gibbs sampler. Specifically, if the dimension of the precision matrix exceeds the sample size, the positive definiteness of the precision matrix will be barely satisfied and the Gibbs sampler will almost surely fail. In this paper, we propose modifying the original block Gibbs sampler so that the precision matrix never fails to be positive definite by sampling it exactly from the domain of the positive definiteness. As we have shown in the Monte Carlo experiments, this modification not only stabilizes the sampling procedure but also significantly improves the performance of the parameter estimation and graphical structure learning. We also apply our proposed algorithm to a graphical model of the monthly return data in which the number of stocks exceeds the sample period, demonstrating its stability and scalability.

This study identifies socioeconomic factors that potentially influence self-rated health (SRH), an important indicator of health status, in the Japanese population. We used a panel data logit model to simultaneously estimate the effects of personal attributes, living environment, and social conditions. To achieve a stable estimation of the panel data logit model, we applied hierarchical Bayesian modeling and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to obtain its estimation. Furthermore, we used the ancillary-sufficiency interweaving strategy (ASIS) algorithm to improve the efficiency of the MCMC method for the panel data logit model. The results indicate that SRH within the Japanese population is affected by demographic and socioeconomic factors (e.g., age, marital status, educational background, and employment status) and daily habits such as frequency of drinking alcohol. We also obtained results that differed from previous studies in the research literature. Differences in the national character among countries may be reflected in these results. Since SRH is a subjective measure of health status and often differs from actual health status, it is crucial to remove the influences of the national character on SRH in evaluating the actual health status of individuals within a population. The study findings provide important insights into addressing these factors to understand SRH in the Japanese context better.

Analyzing the trading interval durations of cryptocurrencies is important both academically and practically, but there has been no previous research using tick data. Therefore, we conducted a time series analysis on the duration of the trading interval between consecutive transactions in the Bitcoin market to identify similarities and differences with conventional financial assets such as stocks and commodities. We applied high-frequency transaction tick data from the Bitcoin market to a stochastic conditional duration (SCD) model and estimated the effects of trade price changes and volumes on the trading interval duration simultaneously with the intraday seasonality of the durations. As a result, we captured the effects of the direction of price movements and trading volume on trading interval durations. We also found that the trading interval duration is strongly persistent for Bitcoin similar to conventional financial assets. In contrast, we could not find any clear pattern of intraday seasonality for duration in the Bitcoin market.

This study analyzes the volatility of Bitcoin using stochastic volatility models fitted to one-minute transaction data for the BTC/USDT pair between 1 April 2023, and 31 March 2024. Bernstein polynomial terms were introduced to accommodate intraday and intraweek seasonality, and flexible return distributions were used to capture distributional characteristics. Seven return distributions—normal, Student-t, skew-t, Laplace, asymmetric Laplace (AL), variance gamma, and skew variance gamma—were considered. We further incorporated explanatory variables derived from the trading volume and price changes to assess the effects of order flow. Our results reveal structural market changes, including a clear regime shift around October 2023, when the asymmetric Laplace distribution became the dominant model. Regression coefficients suggest a weakening of the volume–volatility relationship after September and the presence of non-persistent leverage effects. These findings highlight the need for flexible, distribution-aware modeling in 24/7 digital asset markets, with implications for market monitoring, volatility forecasting, and crypto risk management.

This study investigates how the determinants of Japanese workers’ well-being shifted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimate a Bayesian hierarchical panel model and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is implemented with the ancillarity–sufficiency interweaving strategy to handle the high parameter-to-sample ratio efficiently. Consequently, we observed that positive drivers include marriage, good health, job satisfaction, and conversion from nonregular to regular employment, whereas male gender, turnover intention, reduced family contact, and pandemic-related financial concerns lower well-being. Age traces a U-shape, and weekday sleep shows an inverse-U pattern. Although the evidence is correlational and confined to self-reported data from one country, the analysis clarifies how socio-economic and workplace factors interact with a major external shock.

This paper describes a GAUSS program of a Markov-chain sampling algorithm for GARCH models proposed by Nakatsuma (1998). This algorithm allows us to generate Monte Carlo samples of parameters in a GARCH model from their joint posterior distribution. The samples obtained by this algorithm are used for Bayesian analysis of the GARCH model. As numerical examples, GARCH models of simulated data and of weekly foreign exchange rate series are estimated and analyzed.