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As part of emergency medicine, prehospital care is provided to seriously sick or injured patients who need treatment before they are transferred to a hospital. A flight doctor and a flight nurse normally administer prehospital care to these patients by flying to a rendezvous point to which an ambulance crew brings the patient. Flight doctors and flight nurses must work within various constraints differing from those they face in their usual work in a hospital Emergency Medical Unit in terms of staff numbers, devices for testing, and types of medicine. However, it is not easy for them to learn the competences involved in the practical management of prehospital care through socialization as only a limited number of individuals can fly in a helicopter. Our study aims at presenting the competences of flight nurses that are involved in the practical management of prehospital care activities through examining moment-by-moment interaction among a flight doctor, a flight nurse, and emergency crew members. By examining what is known to the members at each moment, including what is taken for granted by the members and thus not explicitly expressed in words but nevertheless known to them, we intend to present another way of approaching issues of interprofessional collaboration in health care settings.

The notion of hybrid studies Garfinkel once put forward has not been discussed in ethnomethodology as much as one might expect. If hybrid studies are discussed at all, the focus tends to be on the issues of practicality and the feasibility of getting trained in field-relevant disciplines in order to achieve a genuine "hybridization". In this section, I will try to explicate what Garfinkel presented with this notion of hybridity as properties of ethnomethodological studies in light of what he was trying to do with the notion, i.e. to foreground distinctive properties of ethnomethodological studies in contrast to Formal Analysis. It will also be noted that while the properties Garfinkel highlighted were criterial, the points he sought to raise with hybrid studies were not so much about methodological issues, i.e. how to achieve the criteria, but more to do with setting out the criteria ethnomethodological studies should satisfy, criteria which can be contrasted with those which determine the adequacy of Formal Analysis. Also, ethnomethodologists' collaboration with members will also be dealt with as an essential aspect for accomplishing properties of hybridity as part of their studies.

Kashimura, Kaori.; Kawasaki, Takafumi.; Ikeya, Nozomi.; Randall, D.A

n order to study collaborative information behaviour (e.g. information search, creation, and sharing) in the work environment, it is important that we take into consideration its embedded nature in collaborative work, however not many studies have actually taken this into consideration. In conducting fieldwork, we studied group task management in the work of IT product hardware designers. The study shows how understanding the details of information activities embedded in task management allowed us to generate some ideas for transforming task management into a more collaborative activity, and for reembedding task management more thoroughly into their work practices together with the practitioners. The paper discusses how taking an ethnomethodological approach can be fruitful for researchers who want to gain a close understanding of actual collaborative information activities and their embedded nature in work, and how understandings of this kind can be important for developing ideas for transforming practice, both with or without the introduction of technology.