Published papers

In this study, we applied a system design methodology that explicitly considers well-being to propose and validate indicators for measuring the subjective well-being of local residents (SWB) where system design is in demand. After identifying key SWB factors, we constructed indices through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, capturing both tangible and intangible aspects such as local dynamism, convenience, inter-community ties, and nature-connectedness. Validity and test-retest reliability were confirmed, demonstrating the efficacy of the indices. The proposed indicators provide a practical framework for regional policy, supporting well-being-focused interventions that aim to sustain or enhance residents’ SWB, and evaluate their effectiveness.