Published papers

type:text 一 序 二 神経法学の "体系的" 俯瞰 (一) 脳測定・脳操作の二分類 (二) 脳測定 (三) 脳操作 (四) 小括 三 神経法学 "体系" についての留意点と補正 (一) 「神経系」全体に照準する必要性 (二) 測定と操作の相対化 (三) 概念のゆらぎ 四 日本国憲法学説の可能性と限界 (一) 内心の自由 (二) 個人の尊重 (三) 憲法学における情報論的転回 (四) 身体の自由 五 結びに代えて

This paper is an exploratory discussion of “Object-based Learning” from a neuroscience perspective. Specifically, the paper divides learning into two categories, namely, acquisition of knowledge in the form of statements (explicit memory) and motor learning, and focuses on the latter. It is known that the type of motor learning and their retention effect can change depending on the external environment experienced by the body. In a study conducted by the authors, when two different motor learning environments, a rapidly increasing force field and a gradually increasing force field, were designed, the latter showed a significant prolongation of the retention effect. Thus, neuroscience research has examined the effects of a dynamical system that is an external environment in which perturbations to the body are dynamically altered, on learning. These findings suggest the importance of including the dynamically changing external environment as one of the objects in the range and focusing on the effects of its properties on learning.

Abstract Human brain organoids (HBOs) are three-dimensional structures derived from human stem cells that model aspects of brain development and function, offering potentially unprecedented opportunities for studying neurological disorders and for developing treatments. This consensus paper presents recommendations from the Asia Pacific Neuroethics Working Group, developed through interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, bioethicists, philosophers, and legal scholars who convened in Singapore in November 2024. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the ethical, legal, and sociocultural dimensions of HBO research, addressing both current realities and future possibilities. The paper examines key ethical considerations, including the potential moral status of HBOs, particularly regarding sentience and consciousness, while identifying and dispelling common misconceptions and “ethical red herrings” arising from sensationalized portrayals. We analyze consent frameworks for cell donation, privacy concerns, dual-use risks, and questions of distributive justice. Legal challenges are explored, including the categorical ambiguity of HBOs within existing regulatory frameworks, intellectual property issues, and cross-border inconsistencies in standards. Sociocultural perspectives emphasize the importance of public understanding, cross-cultural engagement, and empirical research on diverse community attitudes toward HBO research. In our recommendations, we advocate for evidence-based ethical discussions, anticipatory frameworks addressing potential future developments, contextualized analysis comparing HBOs to related experimental models, robust informed consent processes, proportionate responses to consciousness concerns, development of adaptive regulatory frameworks, responsible science communication to manage public expectations, and sustained interdisciplinary collaboration. We emphasize a balanced approach that promotes scientific innovation while maintaining rigorous ethical oversight, recognizing HBOs’ significant potential for advancing neuroscience and medicine. This represents the first comprehensive ethical framework for HBO research from the Asia Pacific region, helping to establish foundational principles for responsible development of this rapidly advancing field.

type:text 一 序 二 抗精神病薬 (一) 向精神薬 (二) 抗精神病薬 (三) 抗精神病薬による副作用 三 Washington v. Harper事件判決 (一九九〇年) (一) 事実概要と法廷意見 (二) Stevens反対意見 (三) 小活 四 Harper判決以後の最高裁判決の流れ (一) Riggins v. Nevada事件判決 (一九九二年) (二) Sell v. United States事件判決 (二〇〇三年) (三) 小活 : 「心のインテグリティ」と連邦最高裁 五 考察 (一) 「心」と「身体」、そして「脳」 (二) 「認知過程の自由」がもつ可能性 六 結語

type:text 一 はじめに 二 神経科学の概要 : 神経法学の視点から (一) 概要把握のための視点設定 (二) 脳測定 (brain monitoring) (三) 脳操作 (brain manipulation) 三 認知過程の自由 (cognitive liberty) (一) 沿革 : CCLEの設置 (二) 「認知過程の自由」の議論展開 四 考察と暫定的展望 (一) 体系的整理の試み (二) 「汝自身を知れ (nosce te ipsum) 」 五 結語に代えて