Research projects

本研究は、住環境/住生活の相互応答の蓄積である〈住経験〉を、居住者の〈住居観〉形成の主要因と位置づけ、〈住経験→住居観→住環境/住生活→住経験〉という循環が個々の固有性に調和した住まいの実現に寄与するという仮説のもと、各要素間の関係の解明および接続を強化する仕組みの確立を目的とする。独自に考案した〈住経験インタビュー〉により把握される住経験を軸に、住まいの評価/計画/学び/蓄積のための理論・手法の開発に取り組む。一人ひとり固有の住居観をきめ細やかに把握し住環境の更新過程に適切に反映することで、個に応じたWell-beingの、ひいては多様で持続可能な地域社会の実現に、住まいの側面から貢献する。

近世以降の伊勢参宮を支えた「伊勢講」について、現地調査や歴史資料の解読といった宗教社会学の手法だけでなく、計量的分析などの手法も取り入れて総合的に検討をすすめる。現状では、伊勢講に関する宗教学・社会学・歴史学・民俗学・観光学などの分野ににおける成果を総合的に参照できるようなプラットフォームが構築されているとは言いがたく、各地の伊勢講の比較検討は容易ではない。また、伊勢講は変容・衰退し、フィールドワークによる実態調査は難しく、資料も散逸し、伊勢講に関するものだと気付かれないままになっている場合も多い。本研究は「隠れた伊勢講」を見いだし、他の参詣講との比較研究を可能にするものである。

Even in a shrinking and aging society, local communities have a certain degree of resilience. Here, the elderly are considered to contribute to that resiliency as active players in local communities. In order to analyze the linkage between the community characteristics of the local community and the elderly's activities of contributing to the local community, this study will take a qualitative mixed research approach, focusing on the investigation of local history and life history. The three main target areas are "traditional communities along old highways," "new towns built in the 1970s," and "former mining/present dairy and fishing villages.

(1) Introduction 　Even in an age of increasing mobility and population influx into urban areas, the attribute of region cannot be ignored as a unit for all social problems. Social problems such as inequality, epidemics, and conflicts are all analyzed in terms of some kind of local community, such as a country, region, municipality, or settlement. 　In order to describe a specific regional society or to clarify regional characteristics, a holistic approach is taken, and the result is a monograph that describes the region in detail. In order to treat the local community comprehensively, it is necessary to complement each other in terms of quality/quantity and time/space. (2) Mutual complementation of quality/quantity (mixed research method) 　There was a time when the relationship between qualitative and quantitative research, or between qualitative and quantitative social research, was viewed in an antagonistic structure, including essential discussions such as whether it is scientific or not. Today, however, the two are rather complementary, and in particular, social research methods require the strategic combination (triangulation) of multiple methods that span both. Such research that combines qualitative and quantitative research is called mixed methods research. 　The simplest type of complementary relationship is one in which qualitative social surveys generate hypotheses about the characteristics of the local community and quantitative social surveys test these hypotheses, based on a clear division of roles. (3) Temporal/spatial complementarity 　Time and space are fundamental elements that define a local community. As long as we use the term "region," it is obvious that it is a spatial area of some kind. On the other hand, it is not obvious what kind of spatial area should be treated as a local community. That is, a particular location in space belongs to multiple communities in a multilayered manner. In some institutional spaces, such as municipalities, a limited discussion may be sufficient, but when dealing with communities such as living areas and cognitive spaces, an empirical/subjective approach to space becomes essential. 　It is only with the passage of time that some spatial area deepens its meaning as a community. In other words, the accumulation of social elements through the accumulation of people's activities gives rise to regional characteristics. In this regard, it is essential to conduct as much historical analysis of the society as possible, regardless of the length of time. (4) Social research method matrix of quality/quantity and time/space 　Based on the above, a comprehensive survey combining methods in the four quadrants of [quality x time], [quality x space], [quantity x time], and [quantity x space] is effective in social surveys of local communities. 　There are countless individual methods of social research, such as the life history method (life history method) and historical document reading using old documents for [quality x time], and spatial statistics using a geographic information system (GIS) for [quantity x space]. (5) Purpose of this research 　Although existing local social surveys are also in the nature of comprehensive surveys, the analysis of social survey history based on the above-mentioned organization is not sufficiently advanced. Given this situation, the objective of this study can be summarized as "to identify a methodology for establishing a comprehensive system of community social surveys.

The purpose of this study is to deepen the theoretical and practical theory toward symbiotic society and symbiotic economy as typified by social solidarity economy. First, we posit a symbiotic society and symbiotic economy as the antithesis of a divided society, and theoretically explore ways to establish a triad of order in which the state, market, and community maintain a balance through theoretical and case studies. In doing so, we will focus on the area where each sector meets. Second, we will practically explore ways to build a symbiotic society and symbiotic economy through research on cases that are currently seen as the seeds of a symbiotic society and symbiotic economy, as well as action research involving practice by our researchers.

The necessity of taking over the residence in question is discussed, focusing on the fact that a particular house is not only a place for family life, but also a place that brings community and community character to the community. From this point of view, it is also important to succeed the locality and community between the current owner and the future owner in the resettlement process. In this study, we will develop a methodology for "life history research surrounding houses" that can clarify the local characteristics and community characteristics to be inherited, and at the same time, the research process itself can serve as a means to promote the succession of living in the house.

1. Purpose of the Study In recent years there has been a renewed interest in "public history". Public history is a term that refers to the practice of history by/for the public, a concept that includes history that is not limited to academic studies by historians. Yutaka Suga, one of the editors of "Introduction to Public History" (2020, Bensei Shuppan), states in the same book that "public history does not point to a new field, subject, or method of historical study, but rather to a new direction in which historical studies should head within contemporary society," and that " In the field, it is natural to bring together wisdom that is more than interdisciplinary, but more de-disciplinary," and that public history is "a 'commons' that spans all the humanities and social sciences. He also points out that early public history was a false dichotomy that placed extreme emphasis on the academic-public divide, and he advocates collaboration between the two. In other words, he hopes that "historiography will overcome the dichotomy and compartmentalization of academic/public and reconnect once again, and reconstruct itself as an activity of knowledge production that includes the practice of facing the society in front of us. This research project will confront the above-mentioned issues of public history and deepen the discussion on public history through discussions among collaborators from a wide range of fields in the humanities and social sciences, who will bring together their knowledge in their respective fields. Through this process, we aim to present a part of a methodology to formulate history in a broad sense, in which academics and society collaborate in a dialogic manner. It is important to note here that public history has two characteristics: "historical practice" and "the study of historical practice. Public history has first of all the character of "historical practice" itself. The subject of historical practice is first of all ordinary people. When Minoru Hokari called "doing history" in "Radical Oral History" (2004, Ochanomizu Shobo), he emphasized each "experience. HOKARI did not exclude narratives of experience (as unscientific or baseless), nor did he include them in the form of respect, but aimed at communication across the gap, considering the possibility of connection between different and fundamentally incomprehensible experiences. In the process of historical practice, in which each person weaves his or her own experience and their own past without being monopolized by historians, not only ordinary people, but also researchers who listen to their narratives or tell their own stories - whether they are historians or not - can become subjects. --The historian or not, the researcher can be a subject of the process. Herbert Gans, in "Urban Villagers" (2006, Harvest), argues that it is appropriate to classify the research method of participant observation not according to the secrecy of the researcher's identity, but according to the role of the researcher. That is, there are two extremes, the true observer and the true participant, and the role of the "investigating observer" in between. The researcher involved in public history will also have both aspects of observer and participant. In other words, the researcher is not only a subject of historical practice, but also a subject who is heavily involved in another aspect of the nature of public history, namely, the study of historical practice as an object of study. In order to overcome the "academic/public dichotomy," this study is characterized by the fact that it is composed of many "practicing researchers" without being biased toward either practice or research. 2. outline of research content Public history will be approached from the perspectives of (1) practice and (2) research. In (1) practice, we will formulate and promote historical practices in the act of weaving public history, i.e., interviews, workshops, etc. In (2) research, we will conduct research on public history. In (2) research, in addition to theoretical research on public history, we will analyze historical practices spun out in practice. In addition, as an area that bridges practice and research, we will focus on archiving, including the collection, organization, and utilization of historical materials. Analog data (handwritten materials, paper materials, tapes, etc.) will be digitized, and methods of use and expression will be devised and implemented to prevent information from being lost. This research is a joint research project by 23 researchers, including the principal investigator. The main regions covered by the joint researchers are mainly East Asia, but also other regions (Africa, Europe, Central and South America, Australia, etc.) are widely distributed. Even when a region is the main case study, there are cases in which multiple ethnic groups, such as immigrants, are included as case studies. The academic fields of study include sociology, linguistics, folklore, anthropology, and a wide range of other humanities and social sciences. They work in a wide variety of media, including audio (oral traditions, discourse, audiotapes), documents (account books, periodicals (community association newsletters), official documents), and video. Each person participates in the target historical practice from a different standpoint in the gradation between observer and participant. In other words, the combination of region, field of study, medium, degree of participation (positionality), and type of historical practice is diverse. This is why it is significant to conduct joint research based on a common interest in public history as a "commons of learning. Each co-researcher will work on his or her own individual research on research involving the above practices and report back to the joint research group to deepen the discussion.

Future Japanese society must be based on the assumption of a shrinking and aging society. Even in a shrinking and aging society, local communities in rural areas have a certain degree of resilience. Here, it is not enough to analyze the elderly in rural areas as an object to be supported, but rather it is important to consider them as the main players of a symbiotic society. Elderly people, who are now in their early 70s, have experienced social transformations in their lifestyles during their lifetimes, and their relationships with local communities and lifestyles have also changed significantly. In this study, we will conduct life history interviews mainly with the same generation, and at the same time, we will conduct a qualitative mixed research method by analyzing local documents such as folklore, local events, and community newsletters in order to clarify the society in which they have lived.

This study examines the trend of Ise pilgrimage tourism in the modern period (from the abolition of the " Onshi" system in the early Meiji period to the Ise pilgrimage boom in the prewar and midwar periods of the Showa period), which has not been systematically empirically researched until now, from an interdisciplinary approach across history, folklore, and religious studies, to clarify how the three actors, " guests (visitors)", "transportation and media", and "hosts (local communities)", and the three contexts, " entertainment and tourism", " faith and folklore", and " education and thought", developed at the intersection of these three contexts.