Research projects

2020年度に引き続き、新型コロナウィルス感染症の深刻な影響を受け、研究会・学会発表・シンポジウムはすべてオンラインで行った。 （１）5月15日に研究会を行い、今年度を仕上げの年度と位置付け計画を立てた。Journal of Japanese Linguistics（De Gruyter社）という学術論文の特集号の完成に向けて、個々の論文を仕上げるために全員で意見交換の機会を持った。2022年度3月にはシンポジウムを行うことも確認した。 （２）８月９日・１０日には、論文執筆のための中間発表会を行い、お互いのデータと分析について議論した。 （３）２月１９日に再度研究会を開催し、３月９日のシンポジウム発表に向けて予行演習を行い当日の手順を確認した。 （４）３月９日に国際シンポジウム（International Symposium on Formulaicity in Interactional Discourse 2022）を催行した。招待発表２本　（①Sandra Thompson教授, Barbara Fox教授, Trine Heinemann氏　共同発表　②Hongyin Tao教授）、そして午後には当科研のメンバーがJJL論文集に寄稿した研究の一部を紹介する形式をとった。オンラインで100名近くが登録し、当日も午前は100名、午後も参加は6-70名だった。 （５）JJLの論文集の原稿は2022年3月末の時点で大方整っており、編集チームが最終チェックを行っている。 オンラインでの研究活動にもだいぶ慣れることができ、2021年3月に引き続き、2022年3月にも、海外の著名な研究者をオンラインでお招きして、相互行為における定型性に関するシンポジウムを催行することができた。研究会に関しても年3回開催できた。集大成と位置付けて準備してきたJournal of Japanese Linguistics特集号として出版予定の論文集についても、順調に原稿の提出・査読・修正のプロセスを辿っている。 Journal of Japanese Linguistics （De Gruyter）の特集号として、日本語の相互行為における定型表現という論文集の原稿を編集チーム（土屋、柴﨑、大野、鈴木）が取り纏め、提出予定である（６月）。 2022年度の活動予定として、引き続き各メンバーの強みを生かした定型表現研究を続け、データを見ながら議論する機会を年2～3回設定する。そして、定型性を出発点とした文法研究、相互行為データの分析に興味を持つ研究者を増やし、研究のすそ野を広げる機会としたい。具体的には「話しことばの言語学ワークショップ」という研究会と共催で研究会合を開き、国際シンポジウム・海外の学術誌での論文刊行に続き、当科研の成果を国内の若手研究者に還元したい。

The goal of this study was to investigate the process of diachronic change of morphemes which frequently occur in conversational language (including old texts reflecting conversational language of that time), while referring to the concepts of "grammaticalization," "subjectification" and "intersubjectification. " The main target of analysis includes quotative particles (especially tte) and formal nouns (especially wake). I investigated how changes in meaning, function, and surrounding constructions occurred, while also presenting thoughts about the reasons and directions of these changes. The diachronic data includes the documentations of conversational language from the Edo period through present-day Japanese, with the tokens grouped according to time periods. This grant enabled me to create a database, containing information on morphological and structural environments and semantics and discourse functions of all the tokens. Furthermore, I presented the results in conferences and journals, both in Japan and overseas, in English and Japanese. Two panels at the International Pragmatics Conference (Italy in 2005, Sweden in 2007) were especially significant since I was able to make contributions both as a co-organizer and speaker. Here, as well as at many other conferences, I obtained useful feedback through interactions with scholars specializing in a variety of languages and themes. The conclusions of the 2005 panel have been published in the form of a book (Special issue of Journal of Historical Pragmatics, 8.2), for which I acted as a co-editor and also a contributor. The papers from the 2007 panel are going to be published as a volume in a series called Studies in Discourse and Grammar (John Benjamins Publishing Company). I have started working as a contributor, as well as co-editor, for this volume.

As linguistic materials for analysing the historical conversations, Takada took German-English and German-French conversation textbooks in the half of the 19th century. From the example sentences (self-introduction, travels, theatergoing, sickness etc.) in the these textbooks, we find particles, address forms and elliptical sentences which give the conversations certain grade of orality. In these conversation textbooks, we can also observe linguistic rituals for various situations (thanking, making requests, complementing and stating objections) that are different from these of today. Focusing on Japanese, Suzuki developed her research on the historical on the change of the quotative particle tte. The conversational data were obtained from novels published in the Edo, Meiji, early Showa and the present, as well as from recorded material. Tte has undergone change from a quotative to a discourse marker expressing the speaker's subjectivity. Also crucial for our analysis is the constructional change involving the positional shift from an utterance-internal particle to the utterance-initial discourse marker. Suzuki plans to continue her analysis on the rise of the concessive function in quotative forms, an interesting and plausible change not previously documented in other languages. Onodera contributed the paper, originally given at the first workshop on Historical Pragmatics in Japan(in December, 2005: "Historical Pragmatics-Possibilities and Difficulties"), to Studies in Pragmatics, published by the Pragmatics Society of Japan. Onodera and Suzuki co-edited the special issue of Journal of Historical Pragmatics, Historical Changes in Japanese: Subjectivity and Intersubjectivity. In this issue, Onodera published her paper "Interplay of (inter) subjectivity and social norm", exchanging ideas and opinions with many researchers inside and outside Japan, including Dr. E. Traugott and Dr. A. Jucker, during the writing process.

we investigate conversations in genetically distinct languages to see whether, or to what degree, linguistically defined units are in fact relevant to conversationalists.