Published papers

The broad adoption of random reward mechanisms (RRMs) in digital games requires cross-regional analysis and discussions on RRMs to implement socially acceptable RRM configurations. This study clarifies overall trends, cross-regional common practices, and region-dependent characteristics of RRM design, by empirically and comparatively examining RRM implementations in four regions through an integrated qualitative coding analysis and quantitative principal component analysis (PCA). We constructed an empirically grounded taxonomy of RRMs, consisting of 73 labels in 11 categories and employed these labels in a coding analysis of 40 top-grossing mobile games by Chinese, European, Japanese, and US developers. We found 293 RRMs, to which we applied 3,223 codes and subsequently conducted a PCA with the frequency of assigned codes to identify similarities and differences in RRMs across these regions. The results indicated a higher coherence of RRM designs in Japan than in other regions, arguably owing to a relatively long history of RRMs, higher social acceptance, and robust industry-initiated self-regulation. Our integrated method of qualitative coding analysis and PCA is viable for further comparative studies on game design.