Presentations

The activation time of optical lightpaths is adversely affected by the time that is required by automatic power control strategies to account for the newly added signal power. This limitation is particularly true when using multi-core erbium doped amplifiers. In order to overcome this shortcoming and shorten the lightpath activation time required, this paper evaluates the performance of a fiber span power control scheme based on the use of dummy wavelength signals. The introduced scheme suppresses a significant fraction of the average waiting time for lightpath provisioning in the network that does not make use of dummy wavelengths. Further, we observe that the blocking probability of the introduced scheme depends on the number of used dummy wavelengths per fiber span. In addition, we also observe that when the re-instantiating time of dummy wavelength is adequately lower than that of the holding time, the blocking probability of the introduced scheme is not affected.

•Develop an Applications Coordinating with Transport, IP, and Optical Networks (ACTION) architecture –by integrating four enabling technologies –by operating links at higher utilization while meeting the four challenges of high-utilization operation • Why operate at high utilization: the network will need fewer powered-on links, and hence the network will consume smaller levels of energy (power) to move the same number of information bits (bits/sec) –analogy: flying a half-empty large airplane!

DCNにおいて, Push型通信に加えて, Pub/Subを実現するPull型通信を実装し, トラヒック低減を実験した結果の報告.

Energy efficiency is becoming a critical issue in highspeed networks. 100 Gb/s Ethernet was standardized in 2010, and several papers have been published on power consumption reduction methods using Adaptive Link Rate (ALR) technology. ALR reduces power consumption by adapting link speed to traffic demand. However, rate switching time is a parameter that impacts the level of power reduction achievable with current ALR technologies. In this paper, we propose a new energy-efficient architecture for 100 Gb/s Ethernet. The rate switching time is reduced using coherent lightwave transmission technologies. We use simulations to evaluate how the proposed architecture impacts energy efficiency, switching time and network performance.

Using an SDN controller, a Layer-1 optical circuit can be established on a dynamic basis to connect the two switch ports from a given customer (e.g., Switch S1 of Customer 1) to the ports of a provider router, e.g., RP1. We expect this solution to consume lower power because the IP routers in customer networks can use lower-rate WAN-access links for everyday traffic (e.g., 40GE as shown in the figure), and the number of 40GE interfaces required in provider routers are also reduced. This dynamic optical network architecture, with an analytical evaluation, will be presented.

We propose the dynamic lane assignment scheme for each application in 100GE. This proposal aims to solve two problems. First, as described above, power consumption and packet delay are trade-off model. So, we propose a assignment scheme for each traffic type. Traffic type is divided into two classes, delay-tolerant and not-delay-tolerant one. By assigning lanes to each traffic type, each traffic type is handled by different ALR policy, so proposal scheme can realize both energy reduction and less packet delay. Second, the dynamic lane assignment scheme is proposed. The amount of the incoming packet is different every time, so the dynamic lane assignment scheme for each application is needed. Figure 1 shows the legacy 100GE architecture and Figure 2 shows the proposed 100GE architecture. To realize above requirement, we propose the 100GE using coherent lightwave technologies. The proposal scheme can realize dynamic lane assignment scheme for each application. We will evaluate the effectiveness of our proposal.

LPI (Lowe Power Idle) retains the communication circuit in the sleep state when no communication is made on the link. Furthermore, coalescing function which is queuing the packets until counter or timer is expired improves power saving effect. But the same delay occurs for every CoS (Class of Service) application and it is not negligible. In this paper, we propose Application Centric Energy Efficient Ethernet for minimum delay of high priority application.

Multi- (layer, path, and resources) Dynamically Optimized Routing (MiDORi) network which aggregates traffic by Traffic Engineering (TE) and reduce power consumption by on / off of port-by-port of network equipments have been proposed. Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) to perform the power reduction of the link as a related study has been attracting attention in recent years, technology called Low Power Idle (LPI) is adopted as a mechanism for power saving techniques EEE. However, the problem is that a power consumption using a conventional MiDORi algorithm at low traffic is increased in MiDORi network using LPI. Therefore, we propose a network power-saving technique by path re-allocation algorithm that takes into account the LPI power characteristics in this paper. By changing the path to a high link-usage link from a low link-usage link, it is a technique for reducing power consumption in the entire network. The comparison in terms of computation time, network performance and power consumption is performed for conventional method and proposed method, and confirmed the validity.

Traffic growth of the Internet by increasing of rich contents and the spread of mobile devices will lead growing power consumption. To solve this problem, a network virtualization technology which can use network resource effectively has gained attention. In the network virtualization technology, before operating the network, the administrator allocates bandwidth resource in network virtualization infrastructure so as to satisfy the multiple virtual network requests as much as possible. And during the network operation all virtual networks use allocated resource of the infrastructure. Our proposal realizes the bandwidth allocation not only before network operation but also during the network operation according to the bandwidth resource usage. The proposed method enables optimal bandwidth using and can decrease power consumption.

There are three requirements to realize a next generation optical core network, scalability, low-power consumption, and cost-effectiveness. To satisfy with three requirements, a Photonic - Layer 2 (P-L2) Network is proposed. P-L2 Network consists of a P-L2 edge and P-L2 bridge. Data are transmitted between P-L2 edges through P-L2 bridges without converting from optical signals to electrical signals. If a P-L2 network is a broadcast network, link utilization in a network degrades by address resolution due to broadcast traffic. Especially, link utilization considerably degrades if a network is single broadcast domain connecting several local area networks by Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2-VPN) on a P-L2 network. In this paper, we propose the scalable address resolution method that reduces broadcast traffic. In the proposal method, Software Defined Networking (SDN) controllers reply to requests of Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) as a proxy of a target host. SDN controllers manage pairs of Media Access Control (MAC) and Internet Protocol (IP) address by using Distributed Hash Table (DHT).

将来ネットワークとしてInformation-centric Networking (ICN)の実現が 望まれている. 我々は, ICNに基づいてMachine-to-Machine(M2M)通信とMobility を考慮して一般化したData-centric Networking (DCN)及び, DCNを拡張する Energy-Efficient and Enhanced type DCN (E3-DCN)の研究を進め, JGN-X ネットワーク仮想化基盤上での実証実験を進めている. 本発表では, 実証実験の 結果を紹介する.

25 Gb/s × n の任意のEthernet を実現するFlex Ethernet の議論が進められている[1]．Flex Ethernet の適用例として，100 Gb Ethernet (100GE)の転送レートを転送トラヒック量に適応させ，PCS (physical-coding sublayer)，PMA (physicalmedium-attachment sublayer) ， PMD (physical-mediumdependent　sublayer)の未使用レーンを休止させることで省電力化を実現すること[2]があげられる．[2]においては，PHY の光モジュールのON 時間が 2 ms 程度と見積もられており，リアルタイムなトラヒック変動ではなくトラヒック予測に基づいた統計的な適応型リンクレート変更(ALR)手法が提案されている．本論文では，PHY としてコヒーレント伝送に基づいたシリアル100 Gb/s 伝送型システムを適用し，リアルタイムALR を実現するためにPHY が生成するダミー信号挿入手法を提案する．

サービス毎に設備されているアクセス網とメトロ網を統合し, フォトニックネットワーク技術とネットワーク機能の仮想化技術を組み合わせて, 多様なサービスやネットワーク構成を実現するエラスティックλアグリゲーションネットワーク(EλAN)が提案されている[1]. 本稿では, エネルギー最適なネットワークの再構成で必要となる, トラヒック変動に対応した論理OLT（L-OLT）のマイグレーションによる集約／分散について実験検証し, マイグレーション時のサービス停止時間を計測したので報告する.

The introduction of a large number of distributed power generators,they include the power supply sources produced by renewable energy, has been studied in Smart Grid. Then, the power grid shifts from the tree 1:N structure with centralized power plants to the N:M structure with distributed various kind of power supply resources. In this case,to realize matching control among N supply resources including unstable renewable energy and M consumers, the real-time matching method with scalability is necessary. In this paper,we propose a novel real-time matching algorithm which utilizes the P2P Interactive Agent eXtensions (PIAX) platform, and has scalability. We show that the proposed algorithm enables the real-time matching, and reduces the search loads by the minimizing reconfiguration of search overlay networks. Then, we report the verification results used by the evaluation system.

In Smart Grid, the power grid shifts from the tree 1:N structure with centralized power plants to the N:M structure with distributed various kind of energy resources produced by solar panel or rechargeable batteries and etc. With the deregulation of electricity market, it becomes the perfectly competitive market, and any household can become power sellers. Then, the user’s satisfaction does not depend on the amount of power supply, and its amount must be determined based on user’s wish. Therefore, the electricity market needs real-time trading system to maximize user’s satisfaction. However, it is difficult to realize real-time trade system with the centralized control method, because of the increase of the trade complexity corresponding to the increase of sellers including private sellers. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed power cooperation algorithm to maximize user’s satisfaction. The proposed algorithm enables each household to know the electricity price based on the market price and the amount of supplied power from only neighboring households and to maximize the whole members' satisfaction in Smart Grid.

本論文では, NFVの提供機能を細かく分割したAtomic NFVにより, スケーラビリティと通信を保証した仮想ホームゲートウェイを提案する. また, 通常のNFVとAtomic NFVにおいて, 回線加入者増加時の, 仮想化ホームゲートウェイのスケーラビリティ性を比較し, Atomic NFVの有効性を示す.

A network infrastructure that deals with a wide variety of bandwidth requirements has been required to make research activities more valuable. We aim to build such a multi-Quality-of-Service (QoS) campus network by using open-source softwares. In this paper, we study the behavior of the queue function provided by Open vSwitch, which is one of the OpenFlow software switches, and discuss its applicability to the multi-QoS campus network.

Software switches offer flexibility to service providers but potentially suffer from low performance. A software switch called Lagopus was implemented using Intel’s Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK), which offers libraries for highperformance packet handling. Prior work on software switches focused on characterizing packet forwarding throughput. In this work, we evaluated the impact of certain parameters and settings in Lagopus on application performance and studied packet drop rates. The importance of receive-thread packet classification for load balancing and to send delay-sensitive flows to a different worker thread from high-throughput flows was first demonstrated. Next, we showed that a loop-count variable used to control packet batching should be kept small in case link utilization is low. Finally, we showed that packet drop rate could be non-zero when the OpenFlow table size is large and packet arrival rate is high, and interestingly, the packet drop rate was higher with four worker threads than with a single worker thread. This implies a need for careful calibration and planning of the parameters of parallelization.