Books etc

In this chapter, a novel structural design concept of positive electrodes is shown for improving the electrochemical performance of magnesium rechargeable batteries. Here, two types of structured spinel oxides, such as spinel MgCo2O4 mesocrystals consisting of iso-oriented nanometer-sized subunits and hierarchical porous frameworks of MgMn2O4 with interconnected bimodal pores, are proposed as potential cathode materials. The capacity of the active materials improves with a decrease in the overpotential because the reactivity and the electron and ion conductivities are highly enhanced in the designed architectures of the cathode materials.

Ultraviolet (UV) photons interact with chemical bonds in systems undergoing sol-gel processing. Generally, UV photons induce electronic excitations in precursors containing organic and inorganic components. In particular, UV irradiation has been used to heat, to create defects, to reduce organics, and to pattern gels. UV-induced densification and crystallization have been observed. Gels containing photo-sensitizers have been studied for patterning applications.